Chapter 9- Genetic diversity

Question 1

Definition of mutation

Answer 1

any change to the quantity or the base sequence of the DNA of an organism

Question 2

What is a gene mutation

Answer 2

Any change to one or more nucleotide bases, or a change in the sequence of the bases

Question 3

What is substitution in nucleotide bases

Answer 3

where a nucleotide in a DNA molecule is replaced by another nucleotide that has a different base

e.g original base- G A G
mutated base- G G G

Question 4

What is deletion in nucleotide bases

Answer 4

When a nucleotide is lost from the normal DNA sequence

e.g original sequence- C T G G A
mutated sequence- C T A

Question 5

What is chromosome mutation

Answer 5

changes in the structure or number of whole chromosomes

Question 6

Two ways which chromosomes can mutate

Answer 6

1. changes in whole sets of chromosomes- when organisms have 3 or more sets of chromosomes rather than 2
2. changes in individual number of chromosomes- when individual homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis

Question 7

What are the two ways cells can divide

Answer 7

Mitosis- produces 2 identical daughter cells
Meiosis- produces 4 non-identical daughter cells

Question 8

What is a gene

Answer 8

a section of DNA which codes for one polypeptide

Question 9

Definition of genetic diversity

Answer 9

total number of different alleles in a population

Question 10

Definition of population

Answer 10

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and can interbreed

Question 11

adaptions of natural selection

Answer 11

• anatomical
• physiological
• behavioural