Chapter 8- DNA, genes and protein synthesis Flashcards
What is a gene
a section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA
Where is a gene located in a section of DNA
locus
Features of a genetic code
- few AA are coded by only 1 triplet
- the code is known as degenerate code
- code is non-overlapping so only read once
- code is universal
What are exons
the coding sequences in AA’s
What are introns
the non-coding sequences in AA’s
What are homologous pairs
1 set of chromosomes from the mother and 1 set from the father
What’s the total number of chromosomes referred as and what’s the number
- diploid number
- 46
What’s a mutation
any change in the base sequence of a gene
- can result in a different sequence of AA being coded for
- which can lead to a different polypeptide
How is coded DNA in the nucleus transferred into the cytoplasm
- sections of DNA code are transcribed into RNA
What is a codon
sequence of 3 bases of mRNA that code for a single AA
What’s a genome
complete set of genes in a cell
What’s a proteome
the full range of proteins produced by the genome
Describe the structure of RNA
- polymer
- single stranded
- made up from pentose sugar, one of 4 organic bases (A,C,G or U) and a phosphate group
What are the two types of RNA in protein synthesis
-mRNA
-tRNA
What is the process of transcription
making pre-mRNA using part of the DNA as a template
