Chapter 9 - fitness components Flashcards
define aerobic power
the maximum rate of energy production from the aerobic energy system.
- the explosivity of a movement
what are some examples of events where aerobic power would be evident
- running 1500m+ events
- triathlons
- intermittent sport events
give 3 examples of training methods for aerobic power
beep test
VO2 max test
continuous, fartlek, long interval
identify and explain 3 obvious affecting factors for aerobic power
- fibre type: slow twitch for aerobic events
- respiratory system: health of the lungs
- muscular system: concentration of oxidative enzymes
define body composition
The relative proportion of bone, muscle and fat within the body
identify and explain 2 affecting factors of body composition
- genetics: genetic predisposition from our parents
- diet and physical activity levels
give 3 examples of training methods for body composition
- BMI index
- waist circumference
- aerobic training (decreases fat), anaerobic training (builds muscle)
define flexibility
the range of movement around a joint and the interaction between muscles and bones
what are the 2 types of flexibility
- static: joint range of motion when stationary
- dynamic: resistance to motion in a joint
identify 2 examples of events/sports where flexibility is evident
throwing
gymnastics routine
identify and explain 3 affecting factors of flexibility
- joint structure: ball and socket, hinge
- connective tissue: strength of the joint vs flexibility of the joint
- muscle temperature: increased muscle temperature = increased muscle elasticity
give 3 examples of flexibility training methods
- joint rotation
- ankle extension and dorsiflexion test
- different types of stretching (static, dynamic, PNF)
define muscular endurance
the ability of a muscle group to perform repeated contractions against resistance for an extended period of time
give 3 sports that rely on muscular endurance
- swimming
- running
- triathlon
give 2 affecting factors for muscular endurance
- fatigue: increased ability to resist fatigue is due to increased lactate tolerance
- fibre type: slow twitch and fast twitch?
define muscular strength
- the maximal force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group in one maximal effort
give 3 sports/activities which associates with muscular strength
- weightlifting
- gripping anything (racket, handle, bat)
- pushing someone or something
give 3 examples of muscular endurance affecting factors
- speed of contraction: isoinertial (resistance to the muscle through a range of motion), isometric (static hold), isokinetic
- fibre type and arrangement: unipennate, fusiform (fastest), multipennate (strongest)
- joint angle: the optimal angle for a muscle to be to create maximal strength
give 3 training methods for muscular strength
- one rep max
- grip strength
- resistance training
define agility
- the ability to change body position or direction quickly and accurately while maintaining balance
what are some sports that are associated with the need for agility
- soccer, rugby
- changing direction in gymnastics
- dribbling in basketball and soccer
give 3 affecting factors for agility
- centre of gravity: the lower the centre of gravity, the more the agility
- flexibility: the more flexible you are, the faster yo are able to change direction
- line of gravity: staying inside the line of gravity will result in greater agility
give 3 examples of training methods for agility
- Illinois agility test
- 5-0-5 agility test
- short interval with changes in direction
define anaerobic capacity
the amount of energy that the body can produce without using oxygen
give 2 examples of events/sports that are associated with anaerobic capacity
- sprint events
- high explosive events
give 2 examples of affecting factors for anaerobic capacity
- lactate tolerance: higher trained athletes have a higher lactate tolerance and are able to perform for longer anaerobically
- larger fibre recruitment: the more muscle fibres recruited, the more explosive you will be due to more power being able to be produced
give 3 examples of training methods for anaerobic capacity
- phosphate recovery test
- 30 second Wingate test
- Repco peak power test
- short intermediate interval
define balance
- the body’s ability to remain in a state of equilibrium while performing a desired task
define static balance
body control while not moving
define dynamic balance
- it involves keeping the body’s balance under control while moving
what are 3 examples of affecting factors for balance
- centre of gravity: a larger centre of gravity will result in more balance
- base of support: an increase in the size of the base of support increases balance
- ear issues: the brain controls balance using feedback received from the inner ear
define coordination
the ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently
give 3 examples of activities where coordination is evident
- ball sports involving eye-hand or eye-foot coordination
- dancing
- gymnastics routine
give 3 examples of affecting factors for coordination
- poor vision
- stage of development: associative, autonomous, cognitive
- cognitive limitations: lowered cognition is associated with low coordination
define muscular power
the ability to contract muscles with speed and force in one EXPLOSIVE act
what are some activities for muscular power
- explosive events: throwing
- golf drive
- tackles
- jumps
give 3 affecting factors for muscular power
- speed of contraction: combination of force and speed
- muscular strength: increases with maximum power production
- motor unit recruitment: higher recruitment of muscle fibres will result in greater muscular power
give 4 examples of training methods for muscular power
- vertical jump
- standing long jump
- resistance training
- plyometrics
define speed
the ability to move the whole body from one place to another in the shortest time possible
what are some activities associated with speed
- sprint events
- accelerating to create space from opponents in team games
- racket and club speed in striking sports
give 3 affecting factors for speed
- anaerobic power: increased power will have more speed
- muscle arrangement: fusiform muscles generate more speed than pennate
- lactate tolerance: idk lol
define reaction time
- how quickly the body can react to an external stimuli
- essential for speed and agility
what are some activities associated with rection time
- catching the ball in the slips (cricket)
- reacting to the start gun in a sprint race
- reacting to the tennis ball
give 3 affecting factors for reaction time
- number of responses: if you have to react to multiple things
- environmental cues: minimal distractions will result in faster reaction times
- anticipation of cue: predicting the stimuli
