Chapter 6-8 Flashcards
Chapter 6: Three Energy Systems Chapter 7: Acute Responses Chapter 8: Fatigue and Recovery
ATP splits into…
ADP and Pi
How long does ATP- PC last for?
Roughly 12 seconds
ATP= 2, PC=10
ATP is best used for events of:
High intensity
Short duration
What is ATP’s rate and yield?
High rate
Low yield
The 3 Food Fuels are:
Carbohydrates (CHO)
Fats
Protein
Chemical Fuels are:
ATP
PC (or CP)
What does yield measure?
What produces the most energy
The total amount of resynthesized ATP
Rate determines…
What releases energy the fastest
How quickly ATP is resynthesized
The 3 Energy Systems are:
ATP-PC
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Aerobic System
What is energy system interplay?
That all 3 systems are working together at the same time.
A dominant energy system refers to..
The system that is the main contributor, providing the most amount of energy at that point in time.
ATP replenishment occurs within…
Muscular contractions
Is the ATP-PC system anaerobic or aerobic?
Anaerobic- no oxygen required
To replenish PC stores, ________ recovery should be completed
Passive
Why is passive recovery better for anaerobic systems?
Gives PC stores to replenish as you are resting (less movement).
Carbohydrates become _______ when broken down in the body.
Glycogen
Glycogen is broken down in the absence of _______.
Oxygen
When is the anaerobic glycolysis system dominant?
After ATP- PC stores have depleted
What are the byproducts produced by the anaerobic glycolysis system?
Hydrogen Ions
Lactate (DON’T USE AS AN ANSWER)
Why is active recovery best for the anaerobic glycolysis system?
It increases blood flow and oxygen intake which helps to flush out metabolic byproducts.
The anaerobic glycolysis system has a ______ rate and _______ yield compared to ATP.
Slower rate
Higher yield
The anaerobic glycolysis system is dominant for_____ seconds.
12-75 seconds
at max intensity
The Aerobic system requires _______ for energy for muscular contractions.
Oxygen
The Aerobic system uses _____ at rest, and _____ during exercise.
Rest: Fats
Exercise: Carbohydrates
The aerobic system byproducts are:
Carbon Dioxide (C02)
Water (H20)
Heat
ATP
Is an acute response short or long term.
Short term
V= TV x RR means:
Ventilation = Tidal Volume x Respiratory Rate
The two respiratory acute responses are:
2 answers
- Increase V= TV x RR (all increase)
2. Increased pulmonary diffusion
What is pulmonary diffusion?
The transfer of oxygen from lungs (alveoli) to the blood (capillaries) through diffusion
Cardiovascular acute responses are:
6 answers
- Increased Q= SV x HR
- Increased venous return
- Increased AV02 difference
- Increased systolic blood pressure
- Redistribution of blood flow
- Decreased blood volume
Systolic pressure measures
The pressure on artery walls when the heart contracts
Redistribution of blood flow when exercising means:
More blood (vasodilation) to the working muscles. Less blood (vasoconstriction) to the digestive system
AV02 difference measures…
The difference in oxygen concentration in the arterioles compared to the venules
Why does AV02 difference increase during exercise?
Working muscles require more oxygen. They take oxygen from the blood to fuel aerobic activity- increasing the AVO2 difference.
What is venous return?
Refers to the blood returning to the heart and lungs from the body.
Why does venous return increase during exercise?
Because of the ‘muscle pump’ - it forces muscles to maintain oxygen movement.
- Prevents venous pooling
- Waste removals
Why does blood volume decrease?
During exercise we lose plasma from sweat, as we lose plasma our blood becomes thicker (viscous) making it more difficult to flow through vessels.
chapter 8 - What is fatigue?
a reduction in the ability to produce power and force from the muscles
Muscular Acute Responses are:
6 answers
- Increased motor unit recruitment
- Increased muscle temperature
- Increased V02 consumption
- Increased metabolic byproducts
- Decreased energy substrate stores
- Increased muscle enzyme activity
Increased motor recruitment occurs because:
There is a need for more power to meet the increase in intensity.
What are the decreasing energy substrates in the muscles?
Glycogen
Fats (triglycerides)
ATP
PC
What is the lactate inflection point (LIP)?
The final point of steady lactate state.
What does decreased energy substrate levels mean?
No more ATP- PC stores (fuel depletion)
What are 2 fatiguing factors within the ATP-PC system
Fuel depletion after 10 seconds
having to break down glycogen - decreases the rate of energy production
Why does muscle temperature increase with exercise?
A result of increased blood flow and ATP production as intensity increases
What is a recovery strategy for the ATP-PC system
Passive recovery which will aid in the replenishment of PC stores
What do enzymes do during exercise?
Enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
They assist the breakdown of ATP to release energy faster (faster intensity increase).
What is the role of glycolytic enzymes?
Breakdown glucose to release energy for ATP replenishment.
What is accumulated during dominance of the Anaerobic Glycolysis energy system? (fatiguing factors)
accumulation of metabolic by-products: (H+, ADP, Pi)
Define Lactation Inflection Point (LIP)
the max sub-max threshold dominant in the aerobic energy system where the oxygen supply is meeting the demand.
or
the final point where lactate is removed at the same rate oxygen is produced
What is the best recovery for the Anaerobic Glycolysis system and why? give an example
active recovery, it is best suited as it is going to remove the H+ faster than passive recovery. An example may be any sport/exercise that is performed at a lower intensity which is going to use the same muscles.
extra marks: creates a muscle pump (venous return), prevents venous pooling in the muscles
Define 2 fatiguing factors associated with the Aerobic energy system and give a recovery strategy for each
- Glycogen depletion after 60 minutes of continuous exercise
Restored through CHO intake/consumption - Elevated body temperature: the capillaries to the skin vasodilate which encourages a redistribution of blood to the skin to cool it down
Restored via hydrating before, during and after the event
define neuromuscular fatigue and give some examples as well as the recovery method :)
- decreased firing of the CNS: the brain sends signals to the muscles to decrease intensity. passive recovery best suited
- loss of electrolytes: calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium (lost in sweat)
recovery is ideal from drinking sport drinks (gatorade)
