Chapter 9 Extra Nuclear Inheritance Flashcards
What are the two mitochondrial replacement therapies?
pronuclear transfer and maternal spindle transfer
Describe pronuclear transfer
both donor oocyte and the intended mother are fertilized, the pronuclei from the donor oocyte is discarded and the pronuclei from the intended mother is inserted into the donor oocyte
Describe maternal spindle transfer
The donor oocyte spindle is discarded, and the spindle fiber from the intended mother is transferred, THEN fertilized
What is heteroplasmy?
more than one type of organelle can be present in the mitochondria
Severl hundred mitochondria are inherited in the ____ and are not genetically __________
egg, identical
Bicoid acts as a _____ ______ to influence ________ _______ in the zygote.
transcription factor, gene expression
What do mitochondrial diseases effect?
bioenergetics (ability to make ATP)
What is the evidence for endosymbiotic theory?
1. genome
2. mRNA
3. O.P (Like bacteria)
4. ribosome difference
circular genome like prokaryotes
polycistronic mRNA
Oxidative phosphorylation
Ribosomes not like cystolic
What are the main points of endosymbiotic theory?
Bacteria engulfed by larger eukaryotic cells
symbiotic relationship
bacteria lost the ability to function on its own
eukaryotic cells gained oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis (mitochondria and chloroplast)
The _____ contained in mitochondria and chloroplasts influence the ______ of the offspring
DNA, phenotype
mtDNA na dcpDNA inherted independently of nuclear DNA, how?
egg only
What ar ethe mitochondrial gene products?
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
The majority of proteins for mitochondrial function are encoded by ____ _____
nuclear genes (DNA/RNA pol, robosomal proteins, initiation factors)
The function of mirochondia and chloroplasts are dependent on ______ and ____ DNA
organelle, nuclear
Where does the inheritance factor come from?
cytoplasm
