Chapter 9- Extinction of Conditioned Behaviour Flashcards
Enhancing Extinction:
- Conducting more extinction trials results in decreased in conditioned responding
- Shorter spacing of trials results in greater reduction in responding, but longer spacing of trials results in more enduring reduction in responding
- Conducting extinction trials immediately after acquisition produces ore rapid loss of conditioned behaviour, but are susceptible to spontaneous recovery and renewal
- Conducing extinction trials 24 hours after end of acquisition results in more enduring loss of responding
Conducting Extinction in Multiple Contexts:
Renewal effect eliminated by conducting extinction in several different contexts
Presenting Extinction Reminder Cues:
- Reduces spontaneous recovery
- Introducing cues that were present during extinction training can reduce spontaneous recovery and enhance extinction performance
- i.e. AA chip is a reminder cue
Compounding Extinction Stimuli:
- Present 2 stimuli at the same time that are both undergoing extinction can deepen extinction
- Acquisition creates expectation that US will occur, expectation is violated when US is not presented, error corrected by reduced responding in future trials
- 2 stimuli, therefore double the error, double the correction, larger decreasing in responding
- If extinction cue is compounded with conditioned inhibitor during extinction training, extinction will be inhibited
- Inhibitor predicts absence of US, no learning to encourage extinction
Reconsolidation Window:
- Period during which an activated memory can be modified
- Usually lasts less than 6 hours
- Conducting extinction during reconsolidation window can result in decreased responding
Learning in Extinction:
- Does not involve unlearning
- R-O and S-O associations remain intact after extinction
- Inhibitory S-R associations motivated by unexpected absence of reinforcer in extinction
Overtraining Extinction Effect:
More training results in stronger frustration when extinction is introduced, results in more rapid extinction
Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE):
Extinction is slower and involves fewer frustrations if partial reinforcement rather than continuous reinforcement was in effect before the introduction extinction
Intermittent Reinforcement:
- Schedule of reinforcement in which only some of the occurrences of the instrumental response are reinforced
- Results in more persistent responding
- i.e. kid throws a tantrum because they want candy, parent buys them candy to avoid embarrassment. Intermittent reinforcement of request for candy will make child very persistent in the future
Discrimination Hypothesis:
- Explanation of partial reinforcement extinction effect
- Two groups trained, one with partial reinforcement, one with continuous reinforcement. Both groups then trained with continuous reinforcement. Group that initially received partial reinforcement responded more in extinction
Frustration Theory:
Extinction is slower after partial reinforcement because the instrumental response becomes conditioned to the anticipation of frustrative nonreward
Sequential Theory:
- Assumes that individuals can remember whether or not they were reinforced for performing the response in the past
- Intermittent reinforcement results in the memory of nonreward becoming a cue for performing the instrumental response
- Sequence of reinforced and non reinforced trials is important (hasn’t been reinforced in a while, so reinforcement is coming)
Behavioural Momentum:
- Behaviour that has a great deal of momentum will be hard to stop or disrupt
- Behavioural momentum is directly related to the rate of reinforcement (higher rates of reinforcement produce behaviour that has greater momentum)
- Behavioural momentum is unrelated to response rate
