Chapter 9: Excretion and the Interaction of Systems

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

The process of separating wastes from the body fluids and eliminating them.

Question 2

Kidneys

Answer 2

Organ that filters waste from the blood (which is excreted in urine) and adjusts the concentrations of salts in the blood.

Question 3

Ureter

Answer 3

A pair of muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Question 4

Urinary Bladder

Answer 4

Organ where urine is stored before being discharged through the urethra.

Question 5

Urethra

Answer 5

The tube through which urine exits the bladder and the body.

Question 6

Nephrons

Answer 6

Microscopic tube-like filtration unit found in the kidneys that filters and reabsorbs various substances from the blood; produces urine.

Question 7

Renal Artery

Answer 7

Blood vessel that originates from the aorta and delivers blood to the kidneys. Splits into a fins network of capillaries (the glomerulus) within the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron.

Question 8

Glomerulus

Answer 8

A fine network of capillaries in the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron. The walls of the glomerulus act as a filtration device.

Question 9

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 9

Cap-like formation at the top of each nephron that serves as a filtration structure; surrounds the glomerulus.

Question 10

Filtrate

Answer 10

Filtered fluid that comes out of the glomerulus.

Question 11

Collecting Duct

Answer 11

Reabsorbs water from the filtrate in the nephron.

Question 12

Renal Vein

Answer 12

Blood vessel that drains from the kidney. Returns water and other solutes that have been reabsorbed by the kidney.

Question 13

Excretory System

Answer 13

The system that regulates the volume and composition of body fluids by removing wastes and returning needed substances to the body for reuse.

Question 14

Glomerular Filtration

Answer 14

Moves water and solutes, except protein, from blood plasma into the nephron. (Filtered fluid is called filtrate)

Question 15

Tubular Reabsorption

Answer 15

Removes useful substances such as sodium from the filtrate and returns them into the blood for reuse.

Question 16

Tubular Secretion

Answer 16

Moves additional wastes and excess substances from the blood into the filtrate.

Question 17

Water Reabsorption

Answer 17

Removes water from the filtrate and returns it to the blood for reuse by body systems.

Question 18

Proximal Tubule

Answer 18

Tubular portion of the nephron which reabsorbs solutes, water and secretes hydrogen ions.

Question 19

Loop of Henle

Answer 19

Reabsorbs water and ions from the glomerular filtrate.

Question 20

Distal Tubule

Answer 20

Reabsorbs water and solutes, and secretes various substances.

Question 21

Atidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 21

Increases the permeability of the distal tubule and the collecting duct in the nephrons of the kidney. Released by the pituitary gland.

Question 22

Aldosterone

Answer 22

Secreted by the adrenal cortex, stimulates the distal tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium into the bloodstream.

Question 23

Renal Insufficiency

Answer 23

When the kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis due to nephron damage.

Question 24

Dialysis

Answer 24

Procedure that removes wastes and excess fluid from the blood when kidney function is lost due to renal failure.
Based on the principle of diffusion of dissolved substances along a concentration gradient through a semipermeable membrane.

Question 25

Hemodialysis

Answer 25

Dialysis that uses an artificial membrane attached to and artery and vein in a persons arm to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood.

Question 26

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 26

Dialysis that uses the lining of the intestines (peritoneum) as the dialysis membrane to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood.