Chapter 9-equilibrium Flashcards

0
Q

Catalyst

A

Increases rate of reaction by lowering activation energy

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1
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimum energy required to break apart intermolecular bonds or reacting molecules

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2
Q

Chemical equilibrium

A

Forward and backward reactions happening at same rate-not further change in concentrations between reactants and products

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3
Q

Collision theory

A

Model for chemical reaction that states that molecules must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation to form products

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4
Q

Equilibrium constant expression

A
Kc= [products]/[reactants]
Kc= [C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b

Where aA+bB

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5
Q

Equilibrium constant (Kc)

A

Numerical value obtained by substituting the equilibrium concentrations of the components into the equilibrium constant expression

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6
Q

Heterogeneous equilibrium

A

Equilibrium system where components are in different states

Solids and liquids are constant and equal to 1 in equations

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7
Q

Homogeneous equilibrium

A

All components in same state

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8
Q

Le Chatelier’s principle

A

When stress is placed on a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve that stress

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9
Q

Rate of reaction

A

Speed at which reactants are used to form products

Rate of reaction=change in concentration of reactant or product/change in time

Temp. increase=faster
Reactant increase=faster

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10
Q

Reversible reaction

A

A reaction in which a forward reactions occurs from reactants to products and a reverse reaction occurs from products back to reactants

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11
Q

Concentration: add a reactant

A

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

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12
Q

Concentration: remove a reactant

A

Remove stress in direction of reactants (reverse reaction)

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13
Q

Concentration: add a product

A

Remove stress in direction of reactants (reverse reaction)

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14
Q

Concentration: remove a product

A

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

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15
Q

Volume: decrease volume

A

Remove stress in direction of fewer moles (smaller volume favors side with fewest gas molecules)

16
Q

Volume: increase volume

A

Remove stress in direction of greater number of moles (larger volume favors side with most gas molecules)

17
Q

Endothermic reaction (heat is reactant): raise temperature

A

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

18
Q

Endothermic reaction (heat is reactant): lower temperature

A

Remove stress in direction of reactants (reverse reaction)

19
Q

Exothermic reaction (heat is product): raise temperature

A

Remove stress in direction of reactants (forward reaction)

20
Q

Exothermic reaction (heat is product): Lower temperature

A

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

21
Q

Catalyst: increases rates equally

A

No effect on equilibrium

22
Q

Kc>1

A

High ratio of products to reactants; product favored

23
Q

Kc<1

A

Reactants favored; small ratio of products to reactants

24
Reverse reaction
Reciprocal of equilibrium constant
25
Hypertonic solution
Higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells Water leaves cell
26
Hypotonic solution
Lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells Water enters cell
27
Hemolysis
Swelling and bursting of red blood cells in a hypotonic solution due to an increase in fluid volume
28
Hemodialysis
Cleansing of the blood by an artificial kidney using the principle of dialysis
29
Dialysis
Process by which water and small solute particles pass through a semipermeable membrane
30
Crenation
Shriveling of a cell due to water leaving the cell when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution