Chapter 9-equilibrium

Question 0

Catalyst

Answer 0

Increases rate of reaction by lowering activation energy

Question 1

Activation energy

Answer 1

Minimum energy required to break apart intermolecular bonds or reacting molecules

Question 2

Chemical equilibrium

Answer 2

Forward and backward reactions happening at same rate-not further change in concentrations between reactants and products

Question 3

Collision theory

Answer 3

Model for chemical reaction that states that molecules must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation to form products

Question 4

Equilibrium constant expression

Answer 4

Kc= [products]/[reactants]
Kc= [C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b

Where aA+bB

Question 5

Equilibrium constant (Kc)

Answer 5

Numerical value obtained by substituting the equilibrium concentrations of the components into the equilibrium constant expression

Question 6

Heterogeneous equilibrium

Answer 6

Equilibrium system where components are in different states

Solids and liquids are constant and equal to 1 in equations

Question 7

Homogeneous equilibrium

Answer 7

All components in same state

Question 8

Le Chatelier’s principle

Answer 8

When stress is placed on a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to relieve that stress

Question 9

Rate of reaction

Answer 9

Speed at which reactants are used to form products

Rate of reaction=change in concentration of reactant or product/change in time

Temp. increase=faster
Reactant increase=faster

Question 10

Reversible reaction

Answer 10

A reaction in which a forward reactions occurs from reactants to products and a reverse reaction occurs from products back to reactants

Question 11

Concentration: add a reactant

Answer 11

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

Question 12

Concentration: remove a reactant

Answer 12

Remove stress in direction of reactants (reverse reaction)

Question 13

Concentration: add a product

Answer 13

Remove stress in direction of reactants (reverse reaction)

Question 14

Concentration: remove a product

Answer 14

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

Question 15

Volume: decrease volume

Answer 15

Remove stress in direction of fewer moles (smaller volume favors side with fewest gas molecules)

Question 16

Volume: increase volume

Answer 16

Remove stress in direction of greater number of moles (larger volume favors side with most gas molecules)

Question 17

Endothermic reaction (heat is reactant): raise temperature

Answer 17

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

Question 18

Endothermic reaction (heat is reactant): lower temperature

Answer 18

Remove stress in direction of reactants (reverse reaction)

Question 19

Exothermic reaction (heat is product): raise temperature

Answer 19

Remove stress in direction of reactants (forward reaction)

Question 20

Exothermic reaction (heat is product): Lower temperature

Answer 20

Remove stress in direction of products (forward reaction)

Question 21

Catalyst: increases rates equally

Answer 21

No effect on equilibrium

Question 22

Kc>1

Answer 22

High ratio of products to reactants; product favored

Question 23

Kc<1

Answer 23

Reactants favored; small ratio of products to reactants

Question 24

Reverse reaction

Answer 24

Reciprocal of equilibrium constant

Question 25

Hypertonic solution

Answer 25

Higher osmotic pressure than red blood cells

Water leaves cell

Question 26

Hypotonic solution

Answer 26

Lower osmotic pressure than red blood cells

Water enters cell

Question 27

Hemolysis

Answer 27

Swelling and bursting of red blood cells in a hypotonic solution due to an increase in fluid volume

Question 28

Hemodialysis

Answer 28

Cleansing of the blood by an artificial kidney using the principle of dialysis

Question 29

Dialysis

Answer 29

Process by which water and small solute particles pass through a semipermeable membrane

Question 30

Crenation

Answer 30

Shriveling of a cell due to water leaving the cell when the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution