Chapter 8-solutions Flashcards
Concentration
A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a specified amount of solution
Colloids
Moderately large particles; can pass through filters but not semipermeable membrane
Electrolyte
Produces ions when dissolved in H2O; solution conducts electricity
Equivalent (Eq)
Amount of a positive or negative ion that supplies 1 mole of electrical charge
Henry’s Law
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid (soda can-gas leaves when pressure released)
Insoluble
Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+, Ba^2+, Pb^2+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, CO3^2-, S^2-, PO4^3-, OH-
Mass percent (m/m)
Grams of solute in 100 grams of solution
Mass/volume percent (m/v)
The grams of solute in 100 mL of solution
Molarity (M)
The number of moles in 1L of a solution
Net ionic vs. ionic equation
- Net only shows reactants and products (precipitate)
- Ionic shows all ions, reactant and spectator
Nonelectrolyte
Dissolves in water as molecules-doesn’t conduct electricity
Osmosis
Flow of a solvent (water) over a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration
Osmotic pressure
Prevents the flow of water into the more concentrated solution
Saturated solution
Contains maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature; any additional solute remains I dissolved in container (precipitate)
Solubility
Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g of solvent (water) at a given temperature
Soluble
Always: Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3-, C2H3O2-
Sometimes: Cl-, Br-, I-, SO4^2-
Solute
Smaller (quantity) component in solution
Solvent
Larger (quantity) component in solution; solute dissolves inside
Strong electrolyte
Polar or ionic compound that ionizes completely when it dissolves in water
Suspension
Solution where particles settle out
Unsaturated solution
Contains less solute than can be dissolved
Volume percent (v/v)
A percent concentration that relates the volume of the solute to the volume of solution (solute/total solution)
Weak electrolyte
Produces only a few ions along with many molecules when it dissolves in water
Colligative properties
Depends on # not identity of particles
More particles- boiling point goes up, freezing point goes down, osmotic press. increases
Lithium ion Li+
Soluble
Sodium ion Na+
Soluble
Potassium ion K+
Soluble
Ammonium ion NH4+
Soluble
Nitrate ion NO3-
Soluble
Acetate C2H3O2-
Soluble
Chlorine ion Cl-
Soluble unless with Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+
Bromine ion Br-
Soluble unless with Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+
Iodine ion
Soluble unless with Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+
Sulfate ion SO4^2-
Soluble unless with Ba^2+, Pb^2+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, CO3^2-, S^2-, PO4^3-, OH-
Hydration
Process of surrounding dissolved ions by water molecules
Isotonic solution
Same osmotic pressure as that if the red blood cell
