Chapter 8-solutions

Question 0

Concentration

Answer 0

A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a specified amount of solution

Question 1

Colloids

Answer 1

Moderately large particles; can pass through filters but not semipermeable membrane

Question 2

Electrolyte

Answer 2

Produces ions when dissolved in H2O; solution conducts electricity

Question 3

Equivalent (Eq)

Answer 3

Amount of a positive or negative ion that supplies 1 mole of electrical charge

Question 4

Henry’s Law

Answer 4

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid (soda can-gas leaves when pressure released)

Question 5

Insoluble

Answer 5

Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+, Ba^2+, Pb^2+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, CO3^2-, S^2-, PO4^3-, OH-

Question 6

Mass percent (m/m)

Answer 6

Grams of solute in 100 grams of solution

Question 7

Mass/volume percent (m/v)

Answer 7

The grams of solute in 100 mL of solution

Question 8

Molarity (M)

Answer 8

The number of moles in 1L of a solution

Question 9

Net ionic vs. ionic equation

Answer 9

• Net only shows reactants and products (precipitate)

- Ionic shows all ions, reactant and spectator

Question 10

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 10

Dissolves in water as molecules-doesn’t conduct electricity

Question 11

Osmosis

Answer 11

Flow of a solvent (water) over a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration

Question 12

Osmotic pressure

Answer 12

Prevents the flow of water into the more concentrated solution

Question 13

Saturated solution

Answer 13

Contains maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature; any additional solute remains I dissolved in container (precipitate)

Question 14

Solubility

Answer 14

Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g of solvent (water) at a given temperature

Question 15

Soluble

Answer 15

Always: Li+, Na+, K+, NH4+, NO3-, C2H3O2-

Sometimes: Cl-, Br-, I-, SO4^2-

Question 16

Solute

Answer 16

Smaller (quantity) component in solution

Question 17

Solvent

Answer 17

Larger (quantity) component in solution; solute dissolves inside

Question 18

Strong electrolyte

Answer 18

Polar or ionic compound that ionizes completely when it dissolves in water

Question 19

Suspension

Answer 19

Solution where particles settle out

Question 20

Unsaturated solution

Answer 20

Contains less solute than can be dissolved

Question 21

Volume percent (v/v)

Answer 21

A percent concentration that relates the volume of the solute to the volume of solution (solute/total solution)

Question 22

Weak electrolyte

Answer 22

Produces only a few ions along with many molecules when it dissolves in water

Question 23

Colligative properties

Answer 23

Depends on # not identity of particles

More particles- boiling point goes up, freezing point goes down, osmotic press. increases

Question 24

Lithium ion Li+

Answer 24

Soluble

Question 25

Sodium ion Na+

Answer 25

Soluble

Question 26

Potassium ion K+

Answer 26

Soluble

Question 27

Ammonium ion NH4+

Answer 27

Soluble

Question 28

Nitrate ion NO3-

Answer 28

Soluble

Question 29

Acetate C2H3O2-

Answer 29

Soluble

Question 30

Chlorine ion Cl-

Answer 30

Soluble unless with Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+

Question 31

Bromine ion Br-

Answer 31

Soluble unless with Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+

Question 32

Iodine ion

Answer 32

Soluble unless with Ag+, Pb^2+, Hg2^2+

Question 33

Sulfate ion SO4^2-

Answer 33

Soluble unless with Ba^2+, Pb^2+, Ca^2+, Sr^2+, CO3^2-, S^2-, PO4^3-, OH-

Question 34

Hydration

Answer 34

Process of surrounding dissolved ions by water molecules

Question 35

Isotonic solution

Answer 35

Same osmotic pressure as that if the red blood cell