Chapter 9: Environmental Health Flashcards
Study for Test
Viruses, bacteria, and other organisms in the environment that harm human health are classified as
A. biological hazards. B. social hazards. C. chemical hazards. D. physical hazards.
A. biological hazards.
Toxicology deals primarily with what types of hazards?
A. biological and social B. both chemical and physical C. human-made D. natural disasters
B. both chemical and physical
Which of the following types of people generally has a greater sensitivity to environmental hazards than the other types of people?
A. teenagers B. adults C. infants D. none; all have equal sensitivity
C. infants
The process of measuring the chance that an environmental hazard will cause harm is called
A. toxicology. B. epidemiology. C. dose-response relationship. D. risk assessment.
D. risk assessment.
Infectious diseases are diseases caused by an organism such as a virus or a bacterium, which is called a
A. pathogen. B. toxicant. C. pandemic. D. carcinogen.
A. pathogen.
A disease that has appeared in the human population for the first time or that has existed for a while, but is increasing rapidly or spreading around the world is called
A. environmental. B. pandemic. C. emerging. D. infectious.
C. emerging.
Which of the following is an example of a social hazard that cannot easily be controlled?
A. smoking cigarettes B. pollution from a factory near your school C. lack of exercise D. a high-fat diet
B. pollution from a factory near your school
Any substance that poses a chemical hazard is considered a(n)
A. VOC. B. allergen. C. carcinogen. D. toxicant.
D. toxicant.
Chemicals that cause cancer are called
A. carcinogens. B. hazards. C. teratogens. D. neurotoxins.
A. carcinogens.
What do asbestos, radon, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and lead all have in common?
A. They are chemical hazards that can be found indoors. B. They are highly dangerous carcinogens. C. Exposure to them cannot be prevented. D. They are unnatural and made only by humans.
A. They are chemical hazards that can be found indoors.
Toxicology is the study of how disease affects organisms’ health.
True False
False
Individuals respond similarly to the same environmental hazards.
True False
False
Humans usually have developed strong resistance to emerging diseases.
True False
False
A person can die from drinking too much water, too quickly.
True False
True
During a tornado, the safest place to be is outdoors.
True False
False
Environmental hazards that result from where we live, our jobs, or our lifestyle choices are called
A. physical hazards. B. chemical hazards. C. biological hazards. D. social hazards.
D. social hazards.
Epidemiology deals primarily with what type of hazards?
A. physical B. chemical C. social D. biological
D. biological
Which of the following factors causes different people to respond differently to environmental hazards?
A. sex B. weight C. health issues D. all of the above
D. all of the above
The probability that a hazard will cause a harmful response, such as death or disease, is known as
A. toxicity. B. response. C. risk. D. dose.
C. risk.
A vector is a(n)
A. kind of pathogen. B. organism that carries pathogens. C. type of infectious disease. D. type of emerging disease.
B. organism that carries pathogens.
The H1N1 (swine) flu first appeared in Mexico in March of 2009. By June, it had spread to 70 different countries, infecting nearly 30,000 people. H1N1 is an example of a(n)
A. chemical hazard. B. emerging disease. C. social hazard. D. vector.
B. emerging disease.
Which of the following is an example of a social hazard that can generally be controlled?
A. smoking cigarettes B. emerging diseases C. pollution from a garbage dump near your home D. natural disasters
A. smoking cigarettes
A substance’s toxicity depends not just on what it is, but also
A. on whether it was produced naturally or by people. B. what its scientific name is. C. how much of it a person is exposed to. D. where it is found in the environment.
C. how much of it a person is exposed to.
Chemicals that harm embryos and fetuses are called
A. carcinogens. B. teratogens. C. neurotoxins. D. allergens.
B. teratogens.
Young children are frequently tested for what chemical hazard that was used in paints and pipes in many homes and buildings?
A. radon B. asbestos C. carbon monoxide D. lead
D. lead
Where are chemical hazards present outdoors?
A. air B. land C. water D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Each step up the food chain, concentrations of toxicants can be greatly multiplied in a process called
A. biomagnification. B. toxicology. C. risk assessment. D. epidemiology.
A. biomagnification.
When stress built up in tectonic plates is suddenly released, the energy causes the planet to shake, a phenomenon called a(n)
A. mudslide. B. earthquake. C. tsunami. D. avalanche.
B. earthquake.
Mudflows and ash clouds are some of the many dangers of
A. storms. B. tsunamis. C. earthquakes. D. volcanic eruptions.
D. volcanic eruptions.
Which of the following effects is always associated with a tornado?
A. a storm surge B. funnel of rotating air C. lightning and thunder D. landslides and mudslides
B. funnel of rotating air
The flu virus, the bacterium that causes strep throat, and even pet dander that may cause allergies are all examples of social hazards.
True False
False
When new diseases first emerge, humans usually have many medicines and vaccines to control them.
True False
False
Eating a high-fat diet is considered a lifestyle choice that cannot be controlled.
True False
False
Some chemical hazards disrupt the endocrine system, the body system that sends and receives chemical signals called hormones.
True False
True
