Chapter 2: Economics and Environmental Policy Flashcards
Study for Test
A cost-benefit analysis is a(n)
a. study of the factors that influence decisions of buyers and sellers.
b. economy in which the government decides what is made.
c. equilibrium between a product’s supply and its demand.
d. comparison between what is sacrificed and gained by a specific action.
d. comparison between what is sacrificed and gained by a specific action.
Which statement about the relationship between economics and the environment is true?
a. Internal and external environmental costs are usually considered equally.
b. Long-term effects often receive more weight than short-term effects.
c. Harm to the environment can harm economies.
d. The relationship usually receives serious consideration.
c. Harm to the environment can harm economies.
“Energy Star,” “USDA Organic,” and “Fair Trade Certified” are all examples of
a. ecosystems.
b. ecolabelling.
c. non-market values.
d. market failure.
b. ecolabelling.
In making environmental policies, government interacts with
a. organizations.
b. businesses.
c. citizens.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
In the U.S., laws enacted from the 1780s to the late 1800s reflected the perception that
a. the amount of land and natural resources in the West was endless.
b. the natural resources of the West could be used up and required legal protection.
c. Americans were living amid dirtier air, dirtier water, and more waste and toxic chemicals.
d. a sustainable future should be a primary goal.
a. the amount of land and natural resources in the West was endless.
Most major laws in modern U.S. environmental policy were enacted in the
a. 1960s and 1970s.
b. 1980s and 1990s.
c. years between 2000-2005.
d. years between 2005-2010.
a. 1960s and 1970s.
Headquartered in New York City, the 190 member nations of the following organization work together to promote peace and to help solve economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems.
a. World Trade Organization
b. European Union
c. United Nations
d. Kyoto Protocol
c. United Nations
A law that prohibits dumping wastes into the ocean and punishes people who dump wastes demonstrates which approach to environmental policy?
a. green tax
b. command-and-control
c. cap-and-trade
d. subsidy
b. command-and-control
A power company is given free land by the government to reduce the cost of providing wind-generated electricity to rural residents. This is an example of a
a. command-and-control approach.
b. cap-and-trade system.
c. subsidy.
d. green tax.
c. subsidy.
The first step of the environmental policy process is to
a. guide the solution to law.
b. identify the problem.
c. get organized.
d. gain access to policymakers.
b. identify the problem.
The amount of a product offered for sale at a given price is
a. benefit.
b. cost.
c. demand.
d. supply.
d. supply.
Ultimately, where do economies get their resources and put their wastes?
a. factories
b. cities
c. households
d. ecosystems
d. ecosystems
Some people argue that because Earth’s resources are ultimately limited, nonstop economic growth is
a. not a problem.
b. inevitable.
c. not sustainable.
d. highly desirable.
c. not sustainable.
Which statement about environmental policy in the United States is true?
a. All three branches of government are involved in environmental policy.
b. The environmental policies have always been successful.
c. All important environmental policies are created at the federal level.
d. Environmental policy is based only on scientific information.
a. All three branches of government are involved in environmental policy.
Which branch of the U.S. government is involved in interpreting environmental laws and hearing lawsuits regarding environmental issues?
a. state governors
b. judicial branch
c. legislative branch
d. executive branch
b. judicial branch
