Chapter 9: Development Flashcards
(23 cards)
John Bowlby
noted critical importance of attachment for normal development
attachment
deep emotional connection between an infant and their caregiver
Proximity maintenance
child strives to be close to the caregiver
Separation Distress
child becomes upset when separated from the caregiver
Harry Harlow
first demonstrated the importance of contact comfort: the pleasure of being touched and held
Mary Anisworth
developed the Strange Situation to test a childs attachment
Secure Attachment
cry when they leave, happy when the caregiver returns
avoidant
not minding if the caregiver comes or goes
anxious/ambivalent
resisting contact with the caregiver but protecting when they leave
disorganized
no consistent pattern of responses
Gender
social/cultural psychological meanings associated with masculinity and femininity
Gender Roles
behaviors associated with gender
Gender Typing
process by which children learn behaviors associated with gender
Learning Theory
gender roles are acquired through basic processes of learning and modeling
Gender Schema Theory
gender roles are influenced by schemas of the gender
Evolution
gender differences are the result of generations of sexual selection
Interactionist Theory
gender differences are the result of biological and social forces
Sensorimotor Stage
age, how they learn, object performance
birth to 2 years; learns through concrete actions;object performance: object exists even when you don’t see it
Pre-operational Stage
age, egocentric, conservation
2-7; egocentric: ability to see the world from another perspective; conservation: physical properties of an objet remain the same even after they change
Concrete Operations
age, definition
7-12; thinking is still grounded in concrete concepts
Formal Operations
12-adult; capable of abstract reasoning
Self-regulation
ability to suppress the initial wish to do something to focus on something else less fun
Social Referencing
tendency to respond to ambiguous situations through observing the facial expressions of others