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Biology Grade 11 Unit 3 > Chapter 9 Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of individuals?

A

Gene Flow

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2
Q

What is mating among individuals on the basis of mate selection for a particular phenotype or due to inbreeding?

A

Non-random Mating

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3
Q

What is the change in frequencies of alleles due to chance events in a breeding population?

A

Genetic Drift

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4
Q

What is a change in a gene pool that occurs when a few individuals start a new isolated population?

A

Founder Effect

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5
Q

What is changes in gene distribution that result from a rapid decrease in population size

A

Bottleneck Effect

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6
Q

What is natural selection that favours intermediate phenotypes and acts against extreme variants

A

Stabilizing Selection

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7
Q

What is natural selection that favours the phenotypes at one extreme over another, resulting in the distribution curve of phenotypes shifting in the direction of that extreme

A

Directional Selection

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8
Q

Natural selection that favours the extremes of a range of phenotypes rather than intermediate phenotypes; this type of selection can result in the elimination of intermediate phenotypes

A

Disruptive (diversifying) selection

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9
Q

What is natural selection for mating based, in general, on competition between males and choices made by females

A

Sexual Selection

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10
Q

What is the net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of individuals?

A

Gene Flow

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11
Q

What is mating among individuals on the basis of mate selection for a particular phenotype or due to inbreeding?

A

Non-random Mating

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12
Q

What is the change in frequencies of alleles due to chance events in a breeding population?

A

Genetic Drift

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13
Q

What is a change in a gene pool that occurs when a few individuals start a new isolated population?

A

Founder Effect

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14
Q

What is changes in gene distribution that result from a rapid decrease in population size?

A

Bottleneck Effect

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15
Q

What is natural selection that favours intermediate phenotypes and acts against extreme variants?

A

Stabilizing Selection

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16
Q

What is natural selection that favours the phenotypes at one extreme over another, resulting in the distribution curve of phenotypes shifting in the direction of that extreme?

A

Directional Selection

17
Q

Natural selection that favours the extremes of a range of phenotypes rather than intermediate phenotypes; this type of selection can result in the elimination of intermediate phenotypes?

A

Disruptive (diversifying) selection

18
Q

What is natural selection for mating based, in general, on competition between males and choices made by females?

A

Sexual Selection

19
Q

What is the formation of new species from existing species?

A

Speciation

20
Q

What is a barrier that either impedes mating between species of prevents fertilization of the eggs if individuals from different species attempt to mate; also called pre-fertilization barrier?

A

Pre-zygotic isolating mechanism

21
Q

What is a barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes from developing into viable, fertile individuals; also called post-fertilization barrier?

A

Post-zygotic isolating mechanism

22
Q

What is speciation in which populations within the same geographical areas diverge and become reproductively isolated?

A

Sympatric speciation

23
Q

What is speciation in which a population is split into two or more isolated groups by a geographical barrier; also called geographical speciation?

A

Allopatric speciation

24
Q

What is the ecological role and physical distribution of a species in its environment?

A

Ecological niche

25
Q

What is the diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently adapted species?

A

Adaptive radiation

26
Q

What is the pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species diverge, or become increasingly distinct?

A

Divergent evolution

27
Q

What is a pattern of evolution in which similar traits arise because different species have independently adapted to similar environmental conditions?

A

Convergent evolution

28
Q

What is a model of evolution that views evolutionary change as slow and steady, before and after a divergence?

A

Gradualism

29
Q

What is a model of evolution that views evolutionary history as long periods of stasis, or equilibrium, that are interrupted by periods of divergence?

A

Punctuated equilibrium

Biology Grade 11 Unit 3 (3 decks)

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