Chapter 9: Cognition and Perception Flashcards
Analytic Thinking
A type of thinking characterized by a focus on objects and their attributes.
Holistic Thinking
A type of thinking characterized by an orientation to the context as whole.
Field Independence
The tendency to separate objects from their backgrounds.
Field Dependence
The tendency to view an object as bound to their backgrounds.
Saccades
Type of eye movement in which the gaze shifts quickly from one fixation point to another.
Dispositional Attributions
Explaining people’s behavior in terms of their inner qualities such as personality traits.
Situational Attributions
Explaining people’s behavior in terms of contextual variables.
Fundamental Attribution Error
A tendency to ignore situational information while focusing on dispositional information when making judgements about people’s behaviors.
Rule-Based Reasoning
Making decisions of categorization based on whether the categories follow a fixed rule.
Associative Reasoning
Making decisions of categorization based on how similar the events appear to each other.
Naive Dialecticism
A perspective in which events and objects in the world are perceived as interconnect and fluid. Such a view leads to the acceptance of contradictions between two opposing beliefs.
High-Context Culture
Cultures in which there is much consensual information shared among individuals, so that much can be understood without it needing to be explicitly stated.
Low-Context Culture
A context where people have few opportunities to form new relationships and are guided by commitments and obligations to existing relationships.
Whorfian Hypothesis/ Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Strong form: The words that are available to people determine how they think. Weak form: The words that are available to people influence how they think.
Categorical Perception
Perceiving stimuli as belonging to separate and discrete categories, even though the stimuli may gradually differ each other along a continuum.
