Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
2 Types of Respiration
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Redox Reaction is where…
A molecule is broken down into smaller parts via oxidation and reduction
oxidation is
loss of ‘e’
reduction is
gain of ‘e’
Summarize the process of cellular respiration
Start with glucose
Make an intermediary product
GLYCOLYSIS
Use the intermediary product–> produce CO2
KREB’S CYCLE
Use the 'e' to make --> H2O + ATP OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ETC+CHEMIOSMOSIS)
Glycolysis products & results
2 Glucose —> 4 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O
Where does Glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
3 Energy Rich Carriers between the Preparatory Phase and Pay off Phase of Glycolysis
ATP
NADH
FADH2
Is Glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic reaction?
Anaerobic
early prokaryotes
How are 3C Pyruvate used in Anaerobic and Aerobic reactions?
In Anaerobic reactions, 3C Pyruvate is used in Fermentation
In Anaerobic reactions, 3C Pyruvate is used to make Acetyl CoA (6C) which is used in the Kreb’s Cycle
What are Facultative Anaerobes?
Can switch between fermentation/ Aerobic Respiration depending on O2 availability (yeast, bacteria)
2 other names for the Kreb’s Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Where does the Kreb’s Cycle take place?
Mitochondrial Matrix
Why do Mitochondria have Cristae?
In order to increase surface area for reactions
What is the yield of 1 cycle (TAC)?
2 Pyruvates from Glucose are used to make:
6CO2
8NADH
2FADH2
2ATP
What is the synthesis of ATP from NADH and FADH2 called?
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ETC+ Chemiomosis
What is the electron transport chain?
Collection of molecules in the inner membrane space of the Mitochondria (called Cristae in Eukaryotes)
In Prokaryotes, it is done in the Plasma Membrane
Explain the relationship between the ETC and Oxygen
The ETC does NOT make Oxygen directly. Rather, it helps the ‘e’ from food to reach Oxygen
What is Chemiosmosis?
The Mitochondria couples the ETC + energy to make ATP
Enzyme involved with ETC & Proton Gradient
ATP Synthase
full name of NAD+
Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide
Substrate level phosphorylation
ATP synthesized during the processes before chemoiosmosis
this is done through direct transfer of a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP by an enzyme
cytochromes
electron carriers between ubiquinone and oxygen (which is very electronegative)
Proton-motive Force
H+ gradient that drives the proton gradient that makes ATP Synthase run
