Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration

Question 1

2 Types of Respiration

Answer 1

Aerobic

Anaerobic

Question 2

Redox Reaction is where…

Answer 2

A molecule is broken down into smaller parts via oxidation and reduction

Question 3

oxidation is

Answer 3

loss of ‘e’

Question 4

reduction is

Answer 4

gain of ‘e’

Question 5

Summarize the process of cellular respiration

Answer 5

Start with glucose
Make an intermediary product
GLYCOLYSIS

Use the intermediary product–> produce CO2
KREB’S CYCLE

Use the 'e' to make --> H2O + ATP
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (ETC+CHEMIOSMOSIS)

Question 6

Glycolysis products & results

Answer 6

2 Glucose —> 4 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH + 2H2O

Question 7

Where does Glycolysis take place?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

3 Energy Rich Carriers between the Preparatory Phase and Pay off Phase of Glycolysis

Answer 8

ATP
NADH
FADH2

Question 9

Is Glycolysis an aerobic or anaerobic reaction?

Answer 9

Anaerobic

early prokaryotes

Question 10

How are 3C Pyruvate used in Anaerobic and Aerobic reactions?

Answer 10

In Anaerobic reactions, 3C Pyruvate is used in Fermentation

In Anaerobic reactions, 3C Pyruvate is used to make Acetyl CoA (6C) which is used in the Kreb’s Cycle

Question 11

What are Facultative Anaerobes?

Answer 11

Can switch between fermentation/ Aerobic Respiration depending on O2 availability (yeast, bacteria)

Question 12

2 other names for the Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 12

Citric Acid Cycle

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Question 13

Where does the Kreb’s Cycle take place?

Answer 13

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 14

Why do Mitochondria have Cristae?

Answer 14

In order to increase surface area for reactions

Question 15

What is the yield of 1 cycle (TAC)?

Answer 15

2 Pyruvates from Glucose are used to make:

6CO2
8NADH
2FADH2
2ATP

Question 16

What is the synthesis of ATP from NADH and FADH2 called?

Answer 16

Oxidative Phosphorylation

ETC+ Chemiomosis

Question 17

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 17

Collection of molecules in the inner membrane space of the Mitochondria (called Cristae in Eukaryotes)

In Prokaryotes, it is done in the Plasma Membrane

Question 18

Explain the relationship between the ETC and Oxygen

Answer 18

The ETC does NOT make Oxygen directly. Rather, it helps the ‘e’ from food to reach Oxygen

Question 19

What is Chemiosmosis?

Answer 19

The Mitochondria couples the ETC + energy to make ATP

Question 20

Enzyme involved with ETC & Proton Gradient

Answer 20

ATP Synthase

Question 21

full name of NAD+

Answer 21

Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 22

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 22

ATP synthesized during the processes before chemoiosmosis

this is done through direct transfer of a phosphate group from an organic substrate to ADP by an enzyme

Question 23

cytochromes

Answer 23

electron carriers between ubiquinone and oxygen (which is very electronegative)

Question 24

Proton-motive Force

Answer 24

H+ gradient that drives the proton gradient that makes ATP Synthase run