Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
True or False: Cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms.
True
What are the main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.
cytoplasm
What is the primary molecule produced during glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Which gas is consumed during cellular respiration?
Oxygen
What is the main energy currency produced during cellular respiration?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
True or False: The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria.
True
What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?
To produce ATP by transferring electrons through a series of proteins.
What is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
Fill in the blank: Fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs when ______ is not available.
oxygen
What type of fermentation occurs in muscle cells?
Lactic acid fermentation
What type of fermentation occurs in yeast?
Alcoholic fermentation
True or False: Cellular respiration is an exergonic process.
True
What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?
2 ATP
What molecule is regenerated in the Krebs cycle to allow the cycle to continue?
Oxaloacetate
What are NADH and FADH2?
Electron carriers generated during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
Fill in the blank: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ______.
oxygen
What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?
Approximately 30 to 32 ATP
True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
False
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
It synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The process of generating ATP using the energy from the electron transport chain.
What is the function of coenzymes like NAD+ in cellular respiration?
To accept electrons and carry them to the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle is also known as the ______ cycle.
citric acid
What happens to pyruvate before entering the Krebs cycle?
It is converted into acetyl-CoA.
What are the two types of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
True or False: The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
True
What is the role of carbon dioxide in cellular respiration?
It is a waste product produced during the process.
Fill in the blank: The energy from electrons in the electron transport chain is used to pump protons into the ______.
intermembrane space
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
The direct synthesis of ATP from ADP during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
How many molecules of CO2 are produced in one turn of the Krebs cycle?
2 molecules of CO2
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose in the absence of oxygen is called ______.
anaerobic respiration
What is chemiosmosis?
The movement of protons across a membrane to generate ATP.
True or False: Glycolysis is the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
True
What is the end product of alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
What are the three main products of the Krebs cycle?
NADH, FADH2, and ATP
True or False: The electron transport chain is located in the mitochondrial matrix.
False
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: The process of cellular respiration can be summarized by the equation: ______ + ______ → ATP + ______ + ______.
Glucose + Oxygen → ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
What is the main function of the Krebs cycle?
To produce electron carriers for the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: The energy released during cellular respiration is primarily stored in the form of ______.
ATP
What are the two phases of glycolysis?
Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase.
True or False: ATP is a stable molecule that can be stored for long periods.
False
What is the role of lactic acid in muscle cells during anaerobic respiration?
It accumulates when oxygen is scarce and can cause muscle fatigue.
What is the primary purpose of fermentation?
To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.
Fill in the blank: The mitochondria have a double membrane, with the inner membrane folded into structures called ______.
cristae
What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?
It drives ATP synthesis during chemiosmosis.
