Chapter 9: Bones and Joints Flashcards
Long bones
These act as levers, store minerals, aid in locomotion, and are found in the limbs.
Short bones
Primarily absorb concussion. Found in the carpus and tarsus.
Flat bones
Create cavities to protect vital organs. Found in the skull.
Irregular bones
Protect the spinal cord, these are the vertebrae.
Sesamoid bones
Bones that act as a fulcrum for a tendon. The navicular bone in the foot, the sesamoid bones at the back of the fetlock, and the accessory carpal bone behind the knee are some primary examples.
What is the cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphysis known as?
The physis or epiphyseal growth plate
Long bones grow in length from these areas
Articular cartilage
The tissue found on the ends of bones that are involved in synovial joints.
Periosteum
Fibrous membrane that covers the outside of bones.
Cortical Bones
Also called compact bone, this is the hard, thick, outer shell (cortex) of a bone.
Endosteum
Fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortical bone, or medullary cavity.
Medullar Cavity
The inside area of the long bones that is lined by the endosteum, filled with bone marrow, and has cancellous bone towards either end.
Nutrient Foramen
A hole in a bone that allows nutrients to pass into the medullary cavity.
Bone Marrow
A soft material that fills the medullary cavity and the spaces in the matrix of the cancellous bone.
Cancellous Bone
Porous bone tissue that is found inside the medullary cavity. It is the densest as the ends of the bone and may be absent in the center.
Physis
Also known as an epiphyseal plate, this is an area of the long bones between the epiphysis and diaphysis where long bones grow quickly in length from.
