Chapter 10: Ligaments And Tendons Flashcards by Anna Buschmeyer

Suspensory ligament

Origin: palmar/plantar proximal cannon, distal row of carpals/tarsals

Insertion: Sesamoids, main extensor tendon

Function: support fetlock, energy return, weight bearing

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Ligament of the ergot

Origin: ergot

Insertion: distal digital annular ligament

Function: vestigial

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Radial (superior) check ligament

Origin: radius

Insertion: superficial flexor tendon

Function: prevent overstress of superficial flexor tendon

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Subcarpal (inferior) check ligament

Origin: distal row of carpals

Insertion: deep flexor tendon

Function: prevent overstress of deep flexor tendon

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Subtarsal check ligament

Origin: distal row of tarsals

Insertion: deep flexor tendon

Function: vestigial

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Chondrocompedal ligament

Origin: distal P1

Insertion: collateral cartilages

Function: support collateral cartilages

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Chondrocoronal ligament

Origin: collateral cartilages

Insertion: P2

Function: support collateral cartilages

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Chondrotendinous ligament

Origin: collateral cartilages

Insertion: main extensor tendon

Function: support collateral cartilages

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Chondroungular ligament

Origin: collateral cartilages

Insertion: P3

Function: support collateral cartilages

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Transverse lamina (“T”) ligament

Origin: deep flexor tendon

Insertion: P2

Function: separate synovial sheath from navicular bursa

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Superficial Sesamoidian ligament (“Y” or straight)

Origin: sesamoids

Insertion: P2

Function: rigidity of the fetlock

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Middle Sesamoidian ligament (“V” or oblique)

Origin: sesamoids

Insertion: distal P1

Function: rigidity of the fetlock

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Deep Sesamoidian ligament (“X” or cruciate)

Origin: sesamoids

Insertion: proximal P1

Function: hold sesamoids in position

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Short Sesamoidian ligaments

Origin: sesamoids

Insertion: proximal P1

Function: hold sesamoids in position

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Intersesamoidian ligament

Origin: sesamoid

Insertion: sesamoid

Function: forms groove for flexor tendons

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Collateral Sesamoidian ligaments

Origin: sesamoids

Insertion: collaterally on distal cannon bone and proximal P1

Function: hold sesamoids forward in position

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Palmar/plantar annular ligament

Origin: distal cannon bone

Insertion: distal cannon bone

Function: holds tendons against the joint when flexed

Proximal digital annular ligament

Origin: P1 and P2

Insertion: P1 and P2

Function: holds tendons against the joint when flexed

Distal digital annular ligament

Origin: P1 and P2

Insertion: P1 and P2

Function: holds tendons against the joint when flexed

Suspensory navicular ligament

Origin: collateral distal P1

Insertion: proximal edge of the navicular bone

Function: support navicular bone

Distal navicular (impar) ligament

Origin: dorsal navicular bone

Insertion: palmar/plantar P3

Function: support navicular bone

Axial pastern ligaments

Origin: distal palmar/plantar P1

Insertion: proximal palmar/plantar P2

Function: strengthen pastern joint

Abaxial pastern ligaments

Origin: distal palmar/plantar P1

Insertion: proximal palmar/plantar P2

Function: strengthen pastern joint

Interosseus ligament

Origin: cannon bone

Insertion: splint bones

Function: hold splint bones in position

Plantar ligament

Origin: calcaneus Insertion: 4th Tarsal and MT4 Function: rigidity of the hock and energy return

Capsular ligaments

Origin: all synovial joints Insertion: all synovial joints Function: compose capsule to hold synovial fluid

Collateral ligaments

Origin: collaterally on proximal bone in synovial joints Insertion: collaterally on distal bone in synovial joints Function: strengthen joints and support of lateral movement

Lateral extensor tendon (thoracic limb)

Origin: lateral side of the proximal radius (lateral extensor muscle) Insertion: lateral proximal P1 Function: aids in extending leg when the horse wants to bring the leg forward

Main extensor tendon (thoracic limb)

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (and main extensor muscle) Insertion: dorsal aspect of lower leg, proximal P1, proximal P2, and the dorsal proximal area of P3 Function: extending the leg

Superficial flexor tendon (thoracic limb)

Origin: distal end of humerus Insertion: bifurcates and attaches collateral distal P1 and collateral proximal P2 Function: flexed the leg to help propel the horse. Stay apparatus, energy storage and return, weight bearing.

Deep flexor tendon (thoracic limb)

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and ulna Insertion: semilunar crest on the solar surface of P3 Function: stay apparatus, weight bearing, energy storage, flexing the leg to propel the horse.

Lateral extensor tendon (pelvic limb)

Origin: proximal lateral tibia Insertion: main extensor tendon Function: aids in extending the hind foot and flexing the hock

Main extensor tendon (pelvic limb)

Origin: extensor fossa at distal end of femur Insertion: proximal P1, proximal P2, and the extensor process of P3

Superficial flexor tendon (pelvic limb)

Origin: supracondyloid fossa of femur Insertion: calcanean process, collaterally distal P1, collaterally proximal P2. Function: flexes the digit and extends hock

Deep flexor tendon (pelvic limb)

Origin: proximal tibia and fibula Insertion: semilunar crest of P3 Function: flex foot, extend hock, weight bearing, energy storage and return

Category 6: ligaments that do not fit into a category

1) Interosseus ligaments 2) plantar ligament 3) capsule ligaments 4) collateral ligaments

Category 5: pastern ligaments

1) axial pastern ligaments 2) abaxial pastern ligaments

Category 4: navicular ligaments

1) suspensory navicular ligament 2) distal (impar) navicular ligament

Category 3: annular ligaments

1) palmar/plantar annular ligament 2) proximal digital annular ligament 3) distal digital annular ligament

Category 2: sesamoidian ligamets

1) superficial (y or straight) sesamoidian ligament 2) middle (v or oblique) sesamoidian ligament 3) deep (x or cruciate) sesamoidian ligament 4) short sesamoidian ligaments 5) intersesamoidian ligaments 6) collateral sesamoidian ligaments

Category 1: exceptions of the bone-to-bone rule

1) suspensory ligament 2) ligament of the ergot 3) radial (superior) check ligament 4) subcarpal (inferior) check ligament 5) subtarsal check ligament 6) chondrocompedal 7) chondrocoronal 8) chondrotendinous 9) chondroungular 10) transverse laminae (T) ligament