Chapter 9: Biochemical identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Biochemical testing is based on what?

A

Phenotypic characteristics

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2
Q

Used of antibodies to detect specific antigens located on the bacterial surface

A

Serotyping (serogrouping)

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3
Q

The most important carbohydrate determination

A

Lactose Utilization

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4
Q

Can be used to differentiate lactose fermenting (LF) bacterial species from nonlactose fermenters (NLFs)

A

Lactose Utilization

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5
Q

What two enzymes are required for lactose degradation

A

Beta-galactoside permease and Beta-galactosidase

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6
Q

What enzymes can transport lactose through a cell wall?

A

Beta-galactoside permease

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7
Q

What enzyme can break lactose to yield subunites?

A

Beta-galactosidase

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8
Q

Known as late or delayed LFs(dLFs)

A

Bacterial species that lack permease but have beta-galactosidase

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9
Q

Determine the ability of a bacteria to ferment a specific carbohydrate incorporated in the medium

A

Oxidation-fermentation (O/F) Tests

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10
Q

Asaccharolytic

A

Do not utilize carbohydrates

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11
Q

What pathway is fermentation?

A

glycolysis pathway

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12
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis?

A

Acid or acid with gas

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13
Q

What pathway is oxidation?

A

Glycolysis pathway

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14
Q

Does oxidation produce weak or strong acid?

A

weak acid that is neutralized by alkaline reactions from peptones

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15
Q

What is the description of O/F basal media?

A

Lower concentration of peptones

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16
Q

What is the purpose of O/F basal media

A

Help classify as oxidizer or fermenter and detects small amounts of acids

17
Q

What does Kligler Iron Agar contain?

A

glucose and lactose and detects fermentation

18
Q

For KIA (kligler iron agar) what does yellow indicate?

A

Acidic (below 6.8)

19
Q

For KIA what does red indicate?

A

alkaline (above 6.8)

20
Q

If there is a black color to the kligler iron agar what does it detect?

A

Production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)

21
Q

ALK/ALK or K/K means?

A

No fermentation

21
Q

What is the purpose of the Orthpo-Nitrophenyl-beta-D=Galactopuranoside test (ONPG)

A

To determine if an organism found to be a dLF but is a true NLF

21
Q

What occurs in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway?

A

Glucose Metabolism

22
Q

This test the presence of enzymes capable of removing carboxyl group from certain amino acids

A

Amino acid utilization decarboxylase and dihydrolase

22
Deaminase test uses is useful in differentiation of
Proteus Morganella Providencia
23
This test determines whether an organism can use sodium citrate as a sole carbon source
Citrate utilization
24
What is the primary function of the LIA slant
deamination or decarboxylation of lysine.
25
Can be used in screening for stool pathogens
LIA slant
26
This test determines whether the organism is capable of using sodium malonate as its sole carbon source
Malonate test
27
Determined by microscopic examination of bacteria or observing growth in a semi-solid medium
Motility
28
Oxidase is helpful in differentiating between?
Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonads Neisseria
29
This test is used to determine whether a microorganism can hydrolyze urea
Urease test
30
The resulting alkaline pH from the hydrolysis of urea is indicated by what?
Bright pink color
31
pH-based reactions, enzyme-based reactions, utilization of carbon sources, visual detection of bacterial growth, and detection of volatile fatty acids are principle of what?
Principles of Identification