Chapter 9 Flashcards
What was the Industrial Revolution?
increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century
Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?
(All of the above) Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities, enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners, and landowners experimented with new agricultural methods
What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?
land, labor, and capital
What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in the 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?
industrialization
How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?
looked down upon
What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets from the United States?
forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country
What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?
not personally responsible for its debts
What is the laissez-faire policy?
a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference
What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?
unions
Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?
(All of the above) abolition of slavery, women’s rights, and public education
In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution?
(All of the above) It led to population growth, increased food supply, and caused farmers to lose land and seek other work
How did Britain’s economy affect the process of industrialization?
positively; by Britain’s highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress
How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?
it made the population grow faster than the housing supply
In what way did the new middle class change British society?
some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society
Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?
refuse to interfere in wither domestic or international economic matters
What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British good?
it launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new level
Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter lifespan of those living in cities as opposed to those living in the country?
illness caused by unhealthy living conditions
Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800’s?
the Supreme Court created social security to support retired workers
What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800’s?
to abolish slavery and the slave trade
How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the working class of the Industrial Revolution?
(All of the above) Both endured long working hours, both suffered job losses due to progress, and both lived in climates of social restructuring
What impact did technological advances have on industry?
production of goods was increased
What was the benefit of the railroad in Britain?
it offered cheap transportation for materials and goods
Which of the following was NOT a positive aspect of industrialization?
it improved living conditions in cities
How did the War of 1812 help pave the way for the United States to industrialize
the British blockade forced it to develop its own industries
