Chapter 9

Question 1

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th-century

Question 2

Which of the following was a result of the agricultural revolution?

Answer 2

(All of the above) Many small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities, enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners, and landowners experimented with new agricultural methods

Question 3

What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution?

Answer 3

land, labor, and capital

Question 4

What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in the 19th-century Britain and elsewhere in western Europe?

Answer 4

industrialization

Question 5

How did landowners and aristocrats view wealthy members of the middle class?

Answer 5

looked down upon

Question 6

What did Britain do in order to keep industrial secrets from the United States?

Answer 6

forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country

Question 7

What was the benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation?

Answer 7

not personally responsible for its debts

Question 8

What is the laissez-faire policy?

Answer 8

a policy that let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference

Question 9

What is the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms?

Answer 9

unions

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a reform movement?

Answer 10

(All of the above) abolition of slavery, women’s rights, and public education

Question 11

In what way did the Agricultural Revolution pave the way for the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 11

(All of the above) It led to population growth, increased food supply, and caused farmers to lose land and seek other work

Question 12

How did Britain’s economy affect the process of industrialization?

Answer 12

positively; by Britain’s highly developed banking system, availability of loans, and climate of progress

Question 13

How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?

Answer 13

it made the population grow faster than the housing supply

Question 14

In what way did the new middle class change British society?

Answer 14

some members of the middle class achieved top positions in society

Question 15

Which of the following was a key idea in the free-market system?

Answer 15

refuse to interfere in wither domestic or international economic matters

Question 16

What was the impact of the steam engine on the production of British good?

Answer 16

it launched the railway age that brought the transportation of people and materials to a new level

Question 17

Which of the following factors MOST contributed to the shorter lifespan of those living in cities as opposed to those living in the country?

Answer 17

illness caused by unhealthy living conditions

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT a legislative reform in the 1800’s?

Answer 18

the Supreme Court created social security to support retired workers

Question 19

What did William Wilberforce fight for in the 1800’s?

Answer 19

to abolish slavery and the slave trade

Question 20

How might small farmers of the agricultural revolution be compared to the working class of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 20

(All of the above) Both endured long working hours, both suffered job losses due to progress, and both lived in climates of social restructuring

Question 21

What impact did technological advances have on industry?

Answer 21

production of goods was increased

Question 22

What was the benefit of the railroad in Britain?

Answer 22

it offered cheap transportation for materials and goods

Question 23

Which of the following was NOT a positive aspect of industrialization?

Answer 23

it improved living conditions in cities

Question 24

How did the War of 1812 help pave the way for the United States to industrialize

Answer 24

the British blockade forced it to develop its own industries

Question 25

How did the Napoleonic wars and French Revolution impact the industrialization of Continental Europe?

Answer 25

(All of the above) trade was halted in many parts of Europe, communications between countries were interrupted, and inflation was on the ride in some areas of Europe which disrupted the economy

Question 26

How did the impact of worldwide industrialization effect the relationships between industrialized and non-industrialized nations?

Answer 26

it was the driving force behind imperialism

Question 27

How did the philosophy of laissez-faire economics influence early industrialists?

Answer 27

with ideas of free-market economy governed by natural laws, not government regulations

Question 28

What were the long-term effects of Marx and Engels’s “The Communist Manifesto?”

Answer 28

in the 1900’s, Marxism inspired revolutionaries such as Russia’s Lenin

Question 29

Which of the following statements are true of socialism and communism?

Answer 29

Communism is a form of complete socialism in which the people own all production and property