chapter 9 Flashcards
changing of state
melting - from solid to liquid boiling - from liquid to gas condensing - from gas to liquid freezing - from liquid to solid sublimation - solid to gas reverse sublimation gas to solid
the kinetic model of matter (solid)
solid- particles packed closely, each particle in contact with each other. because particles are so tightly packed they cannot move around, they move a bit(vibrate). hotter more they vibrate
the kinetic model of matter (liquid)
particles packed less tightly, each particle is still in near contact. arrangement is jumbled and disorderly. the particles are able to move more around sliding past each other, particles are moving and vibrating
the kinetic model of matter
particles widely spread, no longer in contact unless the collide, particles moving freely bouncing off objects and each other. in room temp speed is about 500m/s
brownian motion
Scottish botanist Robert brown, studied what happened to pollen grains under a microscope and noticed them jiggling, but when done with dust particles it was suspended in water - they also moved around. the particles are consistently buffeted by the fast movement particles of the air
Evaporation
Evaporation is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure. Evaporation is a fundamental part of the water cycle and is constantly occurring throughout nature.
evaporation can occur at any temperature, on the surface of a liquid there can be fast moving molecules which do escape
forces and kinetic theory
the particles of a solid, liquid and gas have attractive forces which hold them together, the more energy there is the weaker the forces between the particles
Boyles law
the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, provided its temperature remains constant
initial pressure x initial volume = final pressure x final volume
