Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Intelligence test
A
a diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability
2
Q
Abstract thinking
A
- the capacity to understanding hypothetical concepts, rather than concepts in the here and now
3
Q
g (general intelligence)
A
- Charles Spearman
- hypothetical factor that accounts for overall difference in intellect among people
4
Q
s (specific abilities)
A
- Charles Spearman
- particular ability level in a narrow domain
5
Q
Fluid intelligence
A
- Raymond Cattell
- the capacity to learn new ways of solving problems
- used the first time we try to solve a puzzle we’ve never seen
6
Q
Crystallized intelligence
A
- Raymond Cattell
- accumulated knowledge of the world we acquire over time
7
Q
Multiple intelligences
A
- Howard Gardner
- idea that people vary in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill
- 8+ types of intelligences
- intelligences appear to be correlated; is this evidence of g?
8
Q
Alfred Binet
A
- goal to identify “slow learners” in school
- developed first intelligence test
- used the idea of “mental age”
9
Q
Stanford-Binet Test
A
- Modified Alfred Binet’s test
- Still one of the most widely used tests for children
- Different questions depending on person’s age
10
Q
David Wechsler
A
- invented Wechsler Intelligence test
- thought the other IQ tests depended too much on verbal skills
- didn’t like how other IQ tests only gave one score
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for adults
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
11
Q
Wechsler Intelligence Test
A
- invented by David Wechsler
- most common
- contains 4 subscales: verbal communication (ie. recalling information, seeing similarities), perceptual reasoning (blocks and arranging pictures in logical order), working memory (digit span, digit span backwards, arithmetic), and processing speed (digit symbol/coding)
12
Q
Triarchic Model
A
- Robert Sternberg
- model of intelligence proposed by Robert Sternberg positing three distinct types of intelligence: analytical, practical, and creative
- Analytic intelligence: ability to reason logically
- Practical intelligence: ability to solve real-world problems
- Creative intelligence: ability to come up with new answers to questions
- The three types of intelligence tends to be correlated
13
Q
Charles Spearman
A
- believed that there was one ability that underlies overall differences in intellect “g”
- also proposed the existence of “s” (specific skills)
- our abilities depend on both “g” and “s” depending on the skill we are testing
14
Q
Raymond Cattell
A
- Proposed g consists of 2 types of intelligence
- Crystallized intelligence: factual knowledge, specific knowledge
- Fluid intelligence: ability to learn new ways of solving problems; thinking on the spot
15
Q
List the common tests of IQ
A
- Alfred Binet’s test - The original; foundation for current IQ tests
- Stanford-Binet test - Widely used for children
- Wechsler Intelligence Test - Most common; 4 subscales (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed)
16
Q
List the difficulties in creating IQ tests
A
- Standardization
- Reliability
- Validity
- Predictive validity
- Construct validity
17
Q
IQ tests - Standardization
A
- defining meaningful scores in comparison to others
- need to know what the average score is for each age
- have to be re-standardized every few years because people’s intelligence test scores keep getting better
18
Q
The Flynn Effect
A
- the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century