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A and P Unit 3 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Synarthrosis joints

A

no movement

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2
Q

Amphiarthrosis joints

A

Little movement

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3
Q

Diarthrosis joints

A

Free movement

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4
Q

Glenohumoral joint and the knee joint

A

Diarthrosis joint

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5
Q

The pubic symphysis and the distal joint between the tibia and fibula

A

Amphiarthrosis joint

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6
Q

The lambdoid suture and a tooth socket

A

Synarthrosis joint

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7
Q

Where is the articular cartilage found

A

Covers the articulating surfaces of joints

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8
Q

What is the function of articular cartilage

A

Reduce friction during movement

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9
Q

What are the three functions of synovial fluid

A
  1. Lubrication
  2. Nutrient Distribution
  3. Shock absorption
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10
Q

What type of tissue is used to make a meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage or fat

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11
Q

Where are menisci found in the human body

A

Lie between the opposing articular surfaces

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12
Q

What do accessory ligaments do in synovial joints

A

support
strengthen
reinforce

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13
Q

What is a sprain

A

A ligament that is stretched so much that some of the collagen fibers are torn

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14
Q

Do ligaments heal well. why

A

No, ligaments have no direct blood supply

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15
Q

Where are bursae found

A

Around most synovial joints

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16
Q

What function do bursae perform

A

Reduce friction and are shock absorbers

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17
Q

What is the general relationship between strength and flexibility of a joint

A

The more stable the joint, the more restricted ROM

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18
Q

What are the 4 factors that help limit ROM, stabilize the joint, and reduce the chance of injury to a joint

A
  1. The collagen fibers of the joint
  2. The shapes of the articulating surfaces and menisci
  3. The presence of other bones, skeletal muscles, or fat pads around the joint
  4. Tension in tendons attached to the articulating bones
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19
Q

What is bursitis and who commonly gets it

A

Swelling of the bursae

Musicians, golfers, baseball pitchers, tennis players

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20
Q

What is a bunion and who commonly gets it

A

Most common pressure-related bursitis

People who wear high heels and / or tight, pointy-toed shoes

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21
Q

What is a dislocation

A

Complete loss of contact between articulating surfaces

22
Q

What is a subluxation

A

A partial dislocation

23
Q

Gliding Joint

A
  • have flattened or slightly curved surfaces that side across one another, movement is slight
  • Acromiocalvicular joint, sacro-iliac joint, claviculosternal
24
Q

Hinge Joint

A

Permits angular motion in a single plane

  • Elbow, ankle, knee, and interphalangeal joints
25
Q

Pivot Joint

A

only permit rotation

atlanto-axial joint

26
Q

Condylar Joint

A

have an oval articular face nestled within a depression on the opposing surface

radiocarpal joints, metatarsophalangeal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint

27
Q

Saddle joint

A

Have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle

First carpometacarpal joint

28
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

The round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another

Shoulder and hip joints

29
Q

What category of joint allows the widest range of movement

A

Ball and Socket

30
Q

What is the function of annulus fibrosis

A

Attaches the disc to the bodies of adjacent vertbrea

31
Q

What is the function of nucleus pulposus

A

Gives the disc resiliency and it enables it to absorb shock

32
Q

What is a bulging disk

A

Compression of the nucleus pulposus may distory the anulus fibrosus, forcing it partway into the vertebral canal

33
Q

What is a herniated disk

A

The nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosis

34
Q

Why are herniated disks so painful

A

It compresses the spinal nerves

35
Q

In what category of diarthrosis does the shoulder joint belongs to.

A

Ball and socket

36
Q

Why is the shoulder the most frequently dislocated joint in the body

A

Stability must be sacrificed for mobility

37
Q

What structures provide the most stability to the shoulder joint. What can be done to increase the stability of this joint

A

Surrounding skeletal muscles and strengthen these muscles.

38
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

39
Q

What 4 structural components of the hip make the hip joint extremely stable

A
  1. Almost complete bony socket
  2. A strong joint capsule
  3. Supporting ligaments
  4. Surrounding muscular padding
40
Q

Why is a hip fracture more common than a hip dislocation

A

The ball and socket joint is not directly aligned with weight distribution along the shaft. Stress is transferred through the femoral neck to the femur

41
Q

Which 3 ligaments of the hip joint connects the femur to the pelvic bone

A
  1. iliofemoral
  2. pubofemoral
  3. ischiofemoral
42
Q

What are the functions of the menisci in the knee

A
  1. Acts as cushions
  2. Conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces as the femur changes position
  3. Provide lateral stability to the joint
43
Q

Limit anterior and posterior movement of the tibia

A

ACL and PCL

44
Q

Reinforce the posterior knee surface

A

Popliteal ligaments

45
Q

Reinforce the lateral knee surface

A

LCL

46
Q

Reinforce the anterior knee surface

A

Patellar ligament and patellar retinaculae

47
Q

Reinforce the medial knee surface

A

MCL

48
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

DJD - Results from cumulative wear and tear at the joint surfaces

49
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

inflammatory condition - immune response mistakenly attacks the joint tissue

50
Q

Gouty arthritis

A

Crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid of the joints

51
Q

What happens to bone mass as a person ages and what is this condition

A

Bone mass decreases and becomes weaker

Osteoporosis

A and P Unit 3 (3 decks)

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