Chapter 9 Flashcards
Describe where the homologous pairs in a cell come from.
Parents (gametes)
Explain how the homologous pairs allow variation between species
Two sets of alleles from 2 different organisms
Do gametes have homologous pairs of chromosomes? Explain.
No, since gametes join to make more homologous pairs.
How can asexual reproduction occur?
- Mitosis (in eukaryotes)
- Binary fission (in prokaryotes)
Give features of sexual reproduction.
- Produces genetically different gametes
- Gametes fuse to form a zygote in fertilization
- Need to halve the chromosome number to make the gametes haploid.
- When they join the original diploid number of chromosomes restored
- Involves the two stages of division - meiosis 1 and meiosis 2
- meiosis process is on notebook*
- meiosis process is on notebook*
What does it mean when organisms occupy the same ecological niche?
They are similar to one another but different from members of other species.
What does it mean when organisms belong to the same gene pool?
They are capable of breeding to produce living, fertile offspring.
How are organisms’ names’ identified?
By the binomial system. first name- genus second name - species
What is classification?
The grouping of organisms
What is taxonomy?
The theory and practice of biological classification.
What is artificial classification?
It divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time (ex. wings of a butterfly and wings of a bird)
What is natural classification?
`- Based upon the evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors.
- Classifies species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors.
- arranges the groups into a hierarchy, in which the groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap.
What are the groups of species?
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is phylogeny?
The evolutionary relationship between organisms
