Chapter 9

Question 1

diversity

Answer 1

Defined as the differences among groups or between individuals

Question 2

Despite increasing diversity (particularly cultural and ethnic) in this country, the nursing workforce is

Answer 2

fairly homogenous at least in terms of gender and ethnicity.

Question 3

Gould (2003) argues that it

Answer 3

is only through a diverse provider community that racial and ethnic minorities can receive the highest quality of care.

Question 4

Increasing diversity in the nursing profession must begin with

Answer 4

the aggressive recruitment and retention of minority students.

Question 5

Retention of minority nursing students should

Answer 5

improve if these students are given solid academic preparation and if the environment they are educated in is accepting of and hospitable to students from diverse backgrounds.

Question 6

Nugent et al. (2004) suggest that to improve the retention and graduation rates of minority students in nursing,

Answer 6

an educational environment supporting the needs of all students, regardless of cultural, ethnic, or gender background must exist. (This environment must include academic support, financial support, self-development and professional/leadership development, faculty mentoring, and institutional awareness.)

Question 7

Research suggests that while minority percentages are increasing in nursing

Answer 7

a significant divide continues to exist between black and white health care executives, especially at the senior decision-making levels.

Question 8

There is a professional association for almost

Answer 8

every ethnic group in nursing.

Question 9

If our goal is to better

Answer 9

appreciate and merge cultural and ethnic diversity in nursing, why do culturally and ethnically diverse nurses separate themselves with their own professional nursing organizations?

Question 10

how many nurses are men

Answer 10

Just 5.9% of the nation’s 2.7 million registered nurses are men (up from 5.4% in 1996) according to the March 2000 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses.

Question 11

Caregiving is not just a

Answer 11

feminine trait

Question 12

Kleinman (2004), however, suggests that the minority status of men in nursing often results in

Answer 12

advantages that promote rather than hinder their careers, unlike women in male-dominated professions.

Question 13

Men in nursing also appear to have

Answer 13

an economic advantage

Question 14

Many experts suggest that
the power of the profession
would be elevated if more
men were to become nurses.

Answer 14

disproportionately large share of the high-income jobs in nursing and have higher salaries than their female counterparts.

Question 15

Recent graduates of the nation’s nursing schools are

Answer 15

leaving the profession more quickly than their predecessors, with male nurses leaving at a much higher rate than their female counterparts.

Question 16

Affirmative action has been used successfully to

Answer 16

increase the presence of some underrepresented minorities in health care. Should the same be done to increase the number of men in nursing?

Question 17

If one believes that ethnically and gender diverse providers are needed to appropriately care for diverse populations, then

Answer 17

attention must be paid to generational diversity as well.

Question 18

The problem is that typically

Answer 18

four generations have not cohabitated together at the same time in a profession.

Question 19

This climate of four generational workers offers

Answer 19

challenges and opportunities for leaders and also provides opportunities to further diversify a workforce to more closely resemble the clients they serve and to identify the best thinking of so many perspectives

Question 20

Diversity, equity, and parity are business imperatives but should also

Answer 20

also be moral imperatives and “although vanishing from the national leadership agenda, the health care industry must see equal opportunity as a priority”

Question 21

Using “change by drift” strategies to address the lack of ethnic and gender diversity in nursing has

Answer 21

been ineffective, and it is increasingly clear that proactive, well thought-out strategies at multiple levels and by multiple parties will be needed before diversity in the nursing profession mirrors that of the public it serves.