Chapter 9 Flashcards
Annuel allowable cut (AAC)
The amount of timber that is allowed to be cut annually from a specified area
Biocides
Chemicals that kill many different kinds of living things; also called pesticides
Biodiversity
The variety of life forms that inhabit the Earth. Biodiversity includes the genetic diversity among members of a population or species as well as the diversity of species and ecosystems
Boreal Forests
One of the largest forest belts in the world, extending all across North America and Eurasia, encompassing roughly a third of the Earth’s forested land and 14% of the world’s forest biomass, and separating the treeless tundra regions to the north from the temperate deciduous forests or grasslands to the south
Boreal Shield
The largest ecozone in Canada, stretching along the Canadian Shield from Saskatchewan
to Newfoundland
Carbon sequestration
Rainforest and afforestation to ameliorate carbon dioxide loadings in the
atmosphere because trees and shrubs use the excess CO2
Certification
The confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person, or organization, as
with various forestry programs certifying that wood products have come from sustainably managed
forests.
Chain of custody
Procedures for verification of compliance with sustainable practices from product
origin through to the final product, as with wood products from the forest to Home Depot.
Clear-cutting
A forest harvesting technique in which an entire stand of trees is felled and removed.
Complete-tree harvesting
The harvesting of all of the above and below-ground biomass of a tree.
Culmination age
The age of economic maturity of a tree crop, which varies widely but usually falls
within the 60 to 120 year range in Canada.
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
An organochlorine insecticide used first to control malaria-carrying
mosquitoes and lice and later to control a variety of insect pests but now banned in
Canada because of its persistence in the environment and ability to bioaccumulate.
Ecosystem services
Contribution of ecosystems to human well-being.
Ecosystem-based management (EBM)
Holistic management that takes into account the entire
ecosystem and emphasizes biodiversity and ecosystem integrity, as opposed to focusing primarily or
solely on a resource or resources, such as water or timber, within an ecosystem.
Falldown effect
The lower volume of harvestable timber at the culmination age for second growth
on sites where old-growth forest was previously harvested.
Forest tenure
The conditions that govern forest ownership and use
Full-tree harvesting
Timber-cutting where trees are felled and transported to roadside with
branches and top intact
Leaching
The downward movement of dissolved nutrients to the hydrological system.
Long-run sustained yield (LRSY)
The yield for an area that is equal to the culmination of mean
annual increment weighted by area for all productive and utilizable forest land types in that area;
what a given unit of land, such as a forest, should yield in perpetuity.
New forestry
A silvicultural approach that mimics natural processes more closely through emphasizing
long-term site productivity by maintaining ecological diversity.
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
Forest resources of economic value but not related to the
lumber and pulp and paper industries, such as wild rice, mushrooms and berries, maple syrup, edible
nuts, furs and hides, medicines, and ornamental cuttings.
Nutrient Capital
The amount of nutrients within a particular nutrient reservoir\
Old-growth forests
Forests that generally have a significant number of huge, long-lived trees; many
large standing dead trees; numerous logs lying about the forest floor; and multiple layers of canopy
created by the crowns of trees of various ages and species.
Pheromones
s Volatile compounds, or “scents,” used by insects of a given species to communicate
with each other.
Reclamation
The process of bringing an area back to a useful, good condition—similar to rehabilitation.
REDD (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation)
A mechanism for
compensating countries for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
Second growth
A second forest that develops after harvest of the original forest.
Silviculture
The practice of directing the establishment, composition, growth, and quality of forest stands through a variety of activities, including harvesting, reforestation, and site preparation.
Sustained yield
The amount of harvestable material that can be removed from an ecosystem over a
long period of time with no apparent deleterious effects on the system.
Tree length harvesting
Felling, delimbing, and topping the trees in the cut-over area.
Windthrow
Uprooting and blowing down of trees by wind.
The following statement concerning the Boreal Shield in Canada is FALSE: ________.
a) It is Canada’s largest ecozone
b) It covers almost 58 per cent of Canada’s land mass
c) About 50 per cent is allocated to industry
d) About 50 per cent is allocated to protected areas
e) 30 per cent of North America’s bird population relies on it for breeding
d) About 50 per cent is allocated to protected areas
________ of communities in Canada are dependent on the forestry industry for at least 50 per
cent of their economic base.
Approximately 200
Carmanah, Temagami, and Clayoquot are Canadian names associated with ________.
forestry disputes
Forests contain ________ of the world’s terrestrial species.
80%
Tropical forests occupy ________ of the world’s land area.
7%
_______ would be most effective in removing the Northern Spotted Owl from the endangered
and threatened species list
Protection of old-growth forests
Variations affecting the amount of nutrients lost when trees are harvested are influenced by
________.
tree age and species
season of tree harvesting
harvesting method
size of the soil nutrient pool
________ model forest agreements exist in Canada
Eleven
Merv Wilkenson’s woodlot on Vancouver Island is an example of ________.
sustained yield forestry
The National Forest Strategy Coalition (NFSC) ________.
include governmental agencies
include non-governmental agencies
was formed to oversee implementation of national forest strategy
Canada’s Boreal Forest produces over ________ in ecosystem services annually
$700 billion
The Canadian Boreal Forest Agreement was signed in ________
2010
. ________ of the world’s water originates in Canadian forests.
20 per cent
________ of Canada’s forested land is publicly owned
93%
Currently, 77 per cent of Canadian forests are managed by ________.
provincial governments
True or False Over one-third of Canada is naturally treeless
T
True or False Forests are a carbon sink, taking in carbon dioxide and converting it to wood, leaves, and roots.
T
True or False The National Forest Strategy is committed to sustainable forest management.
T
True or False The annual rate of deforestation in Canada is increasing
F
True or False Clear-cutting is the best method of harvesting timber because it mimics natural processes.
T
True or False Sites regenerating from tree harvesting will rapidly return to their pre-harvest successional phase.
F
True or False Thinning is a key element of intensive forest management
T
True or False Spruce budworms feed primarily on spruce trees.
F
True or False Fires are beneficial to many forest ecosystems.
T
