Chapter 9 Flashcards
genetics
the study of the inheritance, heredity, of living things
purpose of gentics
- transmission of biological properties from the parent to offspring
- expression and variation of those traits
- the structure and function of the genetic material and how this material changes
What is the genetic material of a cell that is found in several different forms, with the majority existing as large complexes of DNA and proteins?
chromosomes
What is the sum total of the genetic material residing in chromosomes?
genome
a site on a chromosome that provides information for a certain cell function
gene
a specific segment of DNA that contains the necessary code to make a protein or RNA molecule
gene
What is the genetic makeup of an organism
genotype
What is the genotype responsible for in an organism?
organism’s phenotype
phenotype
the observable characteristics of an organism produced by the interaction between the genetic potential and the environment
How any genes are in a single chromosome of E. Coli
4,288 genes
How many genes are distributed into 36 chromosomes in humans?
30,000
DNA structure
nitrogen base, five carbon sugar, nucelotide
DNA replication
DNA copies itself just before cellular division by the process of semiconservative replication
What are types of RNA molecules?
nRNA, tRNA, rRNA, primer and ribosome
What RNA molecule carries the DNA master code to the ribosome?
mRNA