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GEOL 7: Natural Disasters > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Coriolis

A

Due to the increased velocity at the equator compared to that of the poles objects moving between the poles and equator are deflected.
•deflection is dependent upon hemisphere and point of origin

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2
Q

Wavelength

A

Combined distance of crest and trough

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3
Q

Aerosols

A

Solids and liquids stuck in the atmosphere
ex: dust, smog, haze, pollen, ash, soil
•help to form clouds
•reflect and absorb sunlight

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4
Q

Humidity

A

Amount of water in air compared to max amount of water air at that temperature could hold

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5
Q

Adiabatic Cooling

A

Hot air rises. As the air rises it expands and the water molecules condense

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6
Q

Adiabatic Heating

A

Cool air sinks. As it sinks it compresses and heats

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7
Q

Orographic Effect

A

Mountains force wind up, decreasing pressure creating clouds

•other side of mountain is turned into a desert by the sinking hot air that lacks water

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8
Q

Albedo

A

The fraction of incoming solar energy that is reflected by the earths surface.
•albedo effected by ice and angle at which sunlight is received

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9
Q

Frontal Wedging

A

Cold air mass forces approaching warm air to rise

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10
Q

Converging Winds

A

Winds collide causing both to rise

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11
Q

Convective Lifting

A

Hot air rises is less dense so it rises

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12
Q

Heat index

A

How hot air feels, includes humidity and evaporative cooling

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13
Q

Latent Heat

A

Energy released or absorbed in water when it changes its physical state

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14
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporization

A

Energy stored in water vapor released upon condensation to liquid water

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15
Q

Latent heat of condensation

A

H

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16
Q

Latent Heat of Fusion

A

Energy released was water freezes to ice

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17
Q

Short Wavelength

A

The sun

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18
Q

Long Wavelength

A

The earth

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19
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Excess heat is radiated upward from earths surface and it absorbed by gases in the atmosphere

20
Q

Hydrologic Cylce

A

The water cycle

21
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of heat requires to raise the temperature of a substance

22
Q

Convection

A

Transmission of heat in flowing water, air, or deforming rock

23
Q

Conduction

A

Transmission of heat without rock or metal moving

24
Q

Saturation Humidity

A

Max amount of water vapor that can exist in an air mass which increases with temperature

25
Q

How Coriolis Effect aids hurricane formation?

A

Converging winds in mid latitudes are subjected to Coriolis which spin the air

26
Q

Tropical Disturbance

A

Cluster of thunderstorms at sea

27
Q

Tropical depression

A

Poorly organized in cyclonic structure

28
Q

Tropical storms

A

Wind speeds between 39mph and 74mph

29
Q

Tropical Hurricane

A

Well organized and above 74mph

30
Q

What scale is used to measure severity of a hurricane?

A

Saffir-Simpson Scale

31
Q

Dry Adiabatic lapse rate

A

D

32
Q

Moist Adiabatic lapses rate

A

D

33
Q

Sensible heat

A

Commonly refers to conduction and convection

34
Q

Insolation

A

Amount of measurement for reviewed solar radiation

35
Q

Troposphere

A

Lowest layer of atmosphere

•where most moisture and weather occurs

36
Q

Tropopause

A

Heat rising from surface, air temp decreases with altitude

•reversal

37
Q

Stratosphere

A

Above troposphere acts as a barrier to weather

38
Q

Strato

A

He

39
Q

Mesosphere

A

Above stratosphere decreased temperature throughout atmospheric levels

40
Q

Pressure Gradient Force

A

Attempts to equalize air pressure differences. Causes high pressure to push air toward low pressure

41
Q

Isobars

A

Map lines that that define high and low pressure air cells

42
Q

Anticyclones

A

High pressure air zones enclosed by roughly circular isobars

43
Q

Hadley Cells

A

Huge air current powered by intense sunlight in the equator

44
Q

Fronts

A

Boundaries between air masses

45
Q

Jet streams

A

High energy elongated flows commonly in earths atmospheres and oceans

46
Q

Thermos line flow

A

Feel ocean waters flows in an overturning circulation

47
Q 
Hurricanes
 Typhoons 
Severe Tropical Storm 
Severe Cyclonic Storm 
Tropical Cyclone
A

Hurricanes: northern Atlantic, northeast pacific, south pacific
Typhoons: northwest pacific hits Asia
Severe Tropical Storm:southwest pacific
Severe Cyclonic Storm: northern Indian Ocean
Tropical Cyclone; southern Indian Ocean

GEOL 7: Natural Disasters (3 decks)

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