Chapter 9

Question 1

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 1

Changes in pressure or body movement.

Muscles stretch

Question 2

Thermorecptors

Answer 2

Changes in external and internal temperature

Question 3

Pain receptors

Answer 3

Damage or oxygen deprivation to tissue

Question 4

Chemoreceptors

Answer 4

Change in chemical concentrations of substances

Question 5

Photoreceptors

Answer 5

Light and energy

Question 6

Cutaneous receptors

Answer 6

Located in epidermis
Makes skin sensitive to touch
Some touch some pressure

Question 7

Somatic nociceptors

Answer 7

Skin and skeletal muscle

Response to damage

Question 8

Visceral nociceptors

Answer 8

Reaction to excessive stretching, oxygen deprivation, or chemical released by damaged tissues.

Question 9

What kind of sense is taste and smell

Answer 9

Chemical

Question 10

Sense of taste

Answer 10

Sensory receptors in taste buds.

Question 11

Where are taste buds located

Answer 11

Tongue
Hard palate
Pharynx
Epiglottis

Question 12

Types of taste sensations

Answer 12

Set
Sour 
Salty 
Bitter 
Umami

Question 13

How does the brain receive taste?

Answer 13

Molecules in food bind with receptor proteins on microvilli on taste cells.
Nerve impulses generate and go to the brain.

Question 14

What causes the sense of smell.

Answer 14

Olfactory cells

Question 15

Where are olfactory cells located?

Answer 15

In olfactory epithelium in roof of nasal cavity

Question 16

How brain received odor information.

Answer 16

Nerve fibers lead to olfactory bulb
Combinations of activated receptors proteins account for different odors.
Odors dignities dryerminrd by which neurons are stimulated in olfactory bulb.

Question 17

What’s the function of the lens on your eye?

Answer 17

Focuses images on retina.

Question 18

Vision pathway

Answer 18

Light focused on photoreceptors
Rod absorbs light
Light stimulus STOPS the release of neurotransmitter molecules from rod synaptic vesicles

Question 19

Color vision comes from

Answer 19

Cones

Question 20

3 layers of neurons

Answer 20

Rod cells and cone cells are located in deepest layer
Middle layer contains bipolar cells
Inner most contains ganglion cells

Question 21

Outer ear

Answer 21

Pinna 
Audition canal( lined with hair. Modified seat glands secret ceremen ear wax)

Question 22

Middle ear

Answer 22

Begins with tympanic membrane

Ends at body wall with two small openings. (Oval window and round window.)

Question 23

Inner ear

Answer 23

Filled with fluid 
Three areas: 
Semicircular canals 
Vestibule
Chochlea

Question 24

Sound path way

Answer 24

Sound waves style tympanic membrane causing it to vibrate
Pressure from tympanic membrane causes malleus incus and then stapes to vibrate.
Stapes strike oval wall
Vibrations are passed to fluid within cochlea of inner ear.
From cochlea to the auditory cortex
Pressure waves move across the basilar membrane the steriocilia bend
Nerve impulses begin in the cochlear nerve and travel to the brain stem and then the auditory cortex.

Question 25

What is responsible for rotational equilibrium

Answer 25

Mechanoreceptors in semicircular canals

Question 26

What are responsible for gravitational equilibrium

Answer 26

Mechanoreceptors in vestibule

Question 27

Other structures in body involved eith equilibrium

Answer 27

Proprioceptors in muscles and joints

Photoreceptors in the eye

Question 28

Rotational equilibrium pathway

Answer 28

Displaced cupula causes steriocilia to bend

Creates changes in nerve impulses traveling through vestibular nerve to brain.

Question 29

Gravitational equilibrium

Answer 29

When head moves the otoliths are displaced and the membrane is distributed and the steriocilia are bent.

Question 30

Utricle is sensitive to – movements

Answer 30

Horizontal

Question 31

Saccule is sensitive to – movement

Answer 31

Vertical

Question 32

Five types of sensory receptors

Answer 32

Mechanoreceptors 
Thermoreceptors 
Pain receptors 
Chemoreceptors 
Photoreceptors