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mader's physiology and anatomy > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

The nose

A

Only external portion

Contains nasal cavities

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2
Q

Nasal cavitites

A

Lined by mucous membrane
Nasal conchae increases surface area
Nasal hairs cleanse inhaled air

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3
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

Connects nasal and oral cavitites to larynx

Tonsils

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4
Q

Larynx

A

Passageway between pharynx and trachea
Houses vocal cords
Epiglottis prevents food from entering

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5
Q

Trachea

A

Connects larynx to bronchi
Central to esophagus
C shaped cartilaginous rings
Mucosal lining has mucoculiary escalator

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6
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Trachea divided into right and left primary bronchi

Bronchioles are smallest conducting airways

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7
Q

Pleura

A

Double layered serous membrane

Produces a lubricatinf serous fluid

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8
Q

Pleura membrane

A

Visceral pleura surface of lung

Partietal pleura lines inside of thoracic cavity

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9
Q

Alveoli

A

Alveolar sacs made of simple squamous epithelium surrounded by capillaries
Sight of gas exchange
Must stay open to receive Inhaled air

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10
Q

Inspiration

A 
Diaphragm contracts and flattens 
Rib cage moves up 
Lungs increase in volume 
Air pressure within alveoli decreases 
Air flows from area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure
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11
Q

Expiration

A

Diaphragm relaxes
Rib cage falls
Volume of thoracic cavity decreases and lungs recoil

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12
Q

Nervous input

A

Can influence depth and rate of breathing

Cerebral cortex limbus system hypothalamus and other brain centers

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13
Q

Chemical input

A

Respiratory center sensitive to levels of co2 and h+

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14
Q

Oxygen external

A

Higher concentration in alveoli

Diffuses from alveoli to blood

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15
Q

Carbon dioxide external

A

Higher concentration in blood

Diffuses from blood to alveoli

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16
Q

External respiration

A

Exchange of gases in lungs

17
Q

Internal respiration

A

Exchange of gases in tissues

18
Q

Oxygen. Internal respiration

A

Higher concentration in blood

Diffuses from blood to tissue

19
Q

Carbon dioxide internal respiration

A

Higher concentration in tissue fluid

Diffuses from tissue fluid into blood

20
Q

Respiratory system

A

Major function is gas exchange

21
Q

Oxygen transport

A

Transported by hemoglobin in red blood cells

22
Q

Carbon dioxide transport

A

Most moves as dissolved gas in blood plasma or in cytoplasm of red blood cells

23
Q

Upper respiratory tract infections

A

Strep throat
Sinusitis
Otitis media
Tonsillitis

24
Q

Lower respiratory tract disorders

A

Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis

mader's physiology and anatomy (5 decks)

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