Chapter 9

Question 1

Obese

Answer 1

A child whose BMI-for-age is at or above the 95th percentile (top 5%)

Question 2

Severely obese

Answer 2

A child whose BMI-for-age is at or above the 99th percentile

Question 3

Overweight

Answer 3

A child whose BMI-for-age is between the 85th and 95th percentiles.

Question 4

When obese a person is _____

Answer 4

30.0 or higher

Question 5

Asthma

Answer 5

A chronic lung disease, characterized by sudden, potentially fatal attacks of breathing difficulty

Question 6

Decentration

Answer 6

Thinking that takes multiple variables into account

Question 7

Reversibility

Answer 7

The understanding that both physical actions & mental operations can be reversed.

Question 8

Inductive logic

Answer 8

A type of reasoning in which general principles are inferred from specific experiences

Question 9

Deductive logic

Answer 9

A type of reasoning, based on hypothetical premises, that requires predicting a specific outcome from a general principle

Question 10

Class inclusion

Answer 10

The understanding that subordinate classes are included in larger, superordinate classes

Question 11

Piaget’s 3rd concrete operational stage

Answer 11

3rd stage of his cognitive development, during which children construct schemes that enable them to think logically about objects & events in the real world.

Question 12

Piaget’s 3rd stage: concrete operation stage, takes its name from a set of immensely powerful schemes Piaget called concrete operations. These operations include?

Answer 12

• Mental processes such as decentration. Its opposite is centration (thinking in terms of single variables).
• Reversibility
• During this stage they develop the ability to use inductive logic

Question 13

Achievement test

Answer 13

A test designed to assess specific information learned in school

Question 14

Dyslexia

Answer 14

Problems in reading or the inability to read

Question 15

Aptitude test

Answer 15

a test designed to determine a person’s ability in a particular skill or field of knowledge.

Question 16

(ADHD) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Answer 16

A mental disorder that causes children to have difficulty attending to and completing tasks

Question 17

True of False: One of the “Big 5 traits” is conscientiousness

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Self-regulation

Answer 18

Children’s ability to conform to parental standards of behavior without direction supervision.

Question 19

Retaliatory aggression

Answer 19

Aggression to get back at someone who has hurt you

Question 20

Gender stability

Answer 20

The understanding that gender is a stable, lifelong characteristic

Question 21

Gender constancy

Answer 21

The understanding that gender is a component of the self that is not altered by external appearance

Question 22

Gender identity

Answer 22

The ability to correctly label oneself & others as male or female

Question 23

Emotional regulation

Answer 23

The ability to control emotional states and emotion-related behavior

Question 24

Traditional post-secondary student

Answer 24

A student who attends college full time immediately after graduating from high school.

Question 25

Osteoporosis

Answer 25

A loss of bone mass with age, resulting in more brittle and porous bones

Question 26

Presbyopia

Answer 26

Normal loss of visual acuity with aging, especially the ability to focus the eyes on near objects

Question 27

Presbycusis

Answer 27

Normal loss of hearing with aging, especially of high-frequency tones

Question 28

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Answer 28

A set of disease processes in the heart and circulatory system

Question 29

Climacteric

Answer 29

The term used to describe the adult period during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost

Question 30

Menopause

Answer 30

The cessation of monthly menstrual cycles in middle-aged women

Question 31

Both men & women, later in life, enter a period during which reproductive capacity declines or is lost this is known as: climacteric/menopause

Answer 31

Climacteric

Question 32

Remote relationships

Answer 32

Relationships in which grandparents do not see their grandchildren often

Question 33

Activities of daily living (ADLs)

Answer 33

Self-help tasks such as bathing, dressing, and using the toilet

Question 34

Dementia

Answer 34

A neurological disorder involving problems with memory and thinking that affect an individual's emotional, social, and physical functioning

Question 35

Alzheimer's disease

Answer 35

A very severe form of dementia, the cause of which is unknown

Question 36

Stages of Dying Proposed by Kubler-Ross

Answer 36

1) Denial: People's first reaction to news of a terminal diagnosis is disbelief 2) Anger: Once the diagnosis is accepted as real, individuals become angry 3) Bargaining: Anger & stress are managed by thinking of the situation in terms of exchanges 4) Depression: Feelings of despair follow when the disease advances despite the individuals compliance with medical and other advice 5) Acceptance: Grieving for the losses associated w/one's death results in acceptance

Question 37

The leading cause of field restriction is glaucoma, which is?

Answer 37

A condition in which the pressure inside the eye is increased

Question 38

Personality may also contribute to heart disease. Type A has a higher likelihood of heart disease, why?

Answer 38

Type A are very competitive striving for achievement, a sense of time urgency, and hostility or aggressiveness. This type is linked to higher levels of cholesterol, and hence to increased risk of CVD, even among people who did not have observable heart disease.

Question 39

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development (6 substages)

Answer 39

Level I: Preconventional Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation Stage 2: Individualism, Instrumental Purpose, and Exchange Level II: Conventional Stage 3: Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relationships, and Interpersonal Conformity Stage 4: Social System and Conscience (Law and order) Level III: Postconventional Stage 5: Social Contract or Utility and Individual Rights Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Question 40

Clique

Answer 40

Four to six young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another (4-6 people in a group where they get along)

Question 41

Crowd

Answer 41

A combination of cliques, which includes both males and females

Question 42

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 42

Genitals, Penis, Vagina, Testis, Uterus

Question 43

Kin-keeper

Answer 43

A family role, usually occupied by a women, which includes responsibility for maintaining family and friendship relationships

Question 44

Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of inetelligence

Answer 44

Proposes 3 components of human intelligence: 1) Contextual intelligence: knowing right behavior for specific situation 2) Experiential intelligence: Involves learning to give specific responses w/out thinking about them 3) Componential intelligence: Person's ability to come up with effective strategies (to Sternberg this is most important)

Question 45

Gender Role

Answer 45

A set of behaviors that indicates one's gender, specifically the image projected by a person that identifies their femaleness or maleness; an overt public presentation of gender identity

Question 46

Erikson's 4th stage: Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 46

Approximate age: 6-12 Competence; cultural skills and norms, including school skills and tool use (failure to master these leads to sense of inferiority)

Question 47

Erikson's 3rd stage: Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 47

Approximate age: 3-6 Purpose; ability to organize activities around some goal; more assertiveness and aggressiveness (Oedipus conflict w/parent of same sex may lead to guild)

Question 48

Erikson's 5th stage: Identity vs. role confusion

Answer 48

Approximate age: 12-18 Fidelity; adaptation of sense of self to pubertal changes, consideration of future choices, achievement of a more mature sexual identity, and search for new values

Question 49

Erikson's 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th stages in order | IIIIGI

Answer 49

3rd: Initiative vs. Guilt 4th: Industry vs. Inferiority 5th: Identity vs. Role Confusion 6th: Intimacy vs. Isolation 7th: Generativity vs. Stagnation 8th: Integrity vs. Despair

Question 50

Freud's Psychosexual stages 3 & 4th stages

Answer 50

3rd stage: Phallic * Age 3-6 years * focus of libido: genitals * major developmental task: resolving oedipus/electra complex * Some characteristics if fixated at this stage: Vanity, recklessness, sexual dysfunction or deviancy 4th stage: Latency * Age 6-12 years * focus of libido: None * major developmental task: Developing defense mechanisms; identifying w/same sex peers * Some characteristics if fixated at this stage: None

Question 51

Erikson's 6th stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 51

Age: 18-30 | Love; persons develop intimate relationships beyond adolescent love; many become parents

Question 52

Erikson's 7th stage: Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 52

Age: 30-late adulthood Care; people rear children, focus on occupational achievement or creativity, and train the next generation; turn outward from the self towards others

Question 53

Erikson's 8th stage: Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 53

Age: Late adulthood Wisdom; person conducts a life review, integrates earlier stages and come to terms with basic identity; develops self-acceptance

Question 54

Freud's 5th Stage Genital

Answer 54

Age: 12 years Focus on libido: Genitals Major developmental task: Achieving mature sexual intimacy Characteristics of those fixated at this stage: Adults who have successfully integrated earlier stages should emerge w/sincere interest in others and mature sexuality

Question 55

Battered women's psychological state

Answer 55

A pattern of signs and symptoms, such as fear and a perceived inability to escape, appearing in women who are physically and mentally abused over an extended period by a husband or other dominant individual.

Question 56

Piaget's 3rd and 4th stages

Answer 56

3rd- Concrete operational | 4th- Formal operational

Question 57

Piaget's 3rd stage: Concrete operational

Answer 57

``` Age: 6-12 The child's logic takes a great leap forward with the development of new internal operations, such as conservation and class inclusion, but is still tied to the known world; by the end of the period, he can reason about simple "what if" questions ```

Question 58

Piaget's 4th stage: Formal operational

Answer 58

Age: 12 years The child begins to manipulate ideas as well as objects; she thinks hypothetically and, by adulthood, can easily manage a variety of "what if" questions; she greatly improves her ability to organize ideas and objects mentally

Question 59

Phobia

Answer 59

An extreme, irrational fear of a specific object or situation. A phobia is classified as a type of anxiety disorder. Thought to be learned emotional responses.

Question 60

Need bifocals =

Answer 60

Vision of various distances