Chapter 2 Flashcards
Freud’s Psychosexual Development
- behavior is governed by both conscious and unconscious process
- most basic unconscious process is an internal drive for physical pleasure that Freud called the libido (motivating force behind most behavior)
- argued that personality has three parts
Freud’s 3 parts of personality
1) Id: Operates at an unconscious level & contains libido (person’s basic sexual and aggressive impulses present at birth
2) Ego: The conscious, thinking part of personality, develops in first 2-3 years. One of its jobs is to keep needs of id satisfied. For instance when a person is hungry, it is the id that demands food immediately, and the ego is supposed to find a way to obtain it
3) Superego: Portion that acts as a moral judge, contains rules of society & develops near end of early childhood around age 6. Once developed the ego’s task becomes more complex. It must satisfy the id w/out violating the superego’s rules
Psychoanalytic theories
Theories proposing that development change happens because of the influence of internal drives and emotions on behavior
Id
In Freud’s theory, the part of the personality that comprises a person’s basic sexual and aggressive impulses; it contains the libido and motivates a person to seek pleasure and avoid pain
Ego
According to Freud, the thinking element of personality
Superego
Freud’s term for the part of personality that is the moral judge
Responsible for keeping the three components of personality in balance
Ego
Freud’s psychosexual stages
A child moves in a fixed sequence determined by maturation. In each stage, the libido is centered on a different part of the body. In the infant, to focus of the drive for physical pleasure is the mouth; the stage is therefore called the oral stage. As maturation progresses, the libido becomes focused on the anus (hence, the anal stage), and later on the genitals (the phallic stage and eventually the genital stage)
According to Freud, optimum development requires an?
Environment that will satisfy the unique needs of each period. For example, the infant needs sufficient opportunity for oral stimulation. An adequate early environment will result in fixation, characterized by behaviors that reflect unresolved problems and unmet needs
Freud’s most controversial idea about early childhood is his assertion that children experience sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent during the?
Phallic stage (ages 3-6) The oedipus complex involves a conflict between his affection for his mother and his fear of his father; for a girl, the Electra complex pits her bond with her father against her anxiety over the potential loss of her mothers' love. In both complexes it is resolved by abandoning the quest to possess the opposite-sex parent in favor of identification with the same-sex parent.
5 Stages of Freud’s psychosexual stages
1) Oral: Birth to 1 year, focus of libido is on mouth, lips, tongue, characteristics of adults fixated at this stage include oral behavior; smoking overeating, passivity and gullibility
2) Anal: 1-3 years, focus of libido is on anus, toilet training, characteristics of adults fixated at this stage include orderliness, obstinacy or messiness, disorganization
3) Phallic: 3-6 years, focus of libido is on genitals, resolving oedipus/electra complex characteristics of adults fixated at this stage include vanity, recklessness, sexual dysfunction or deviancy
4) Latency: 6-12 years, focus of libido is none, developing defense mechanisms; identifying with same sex peers, characteristics of adults fixated at this stage include none
5) Genital: 12 years, focus of libido is on genitals, achieving mature sexual intimacy, characteristics of adults fixated at this stage include adults who have successfully integrated earlier stages should emerge with sincere interest in others and mature sexuality
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
8 stages, or crisis, of personality development in which inner instincts interact with outer cultural and social demands to shape personality
Erikson’s 8 stages of psychosocial stages
Age, Stage, Positive characteristics gained and typical activities
1) Birth to 1 year, Trust vs. mistrust, Hope; trust in primary caregiver and in one’s own ability to make things happen (secure attachment to caregiver is key)
2) 1-3, Autonomy vs. shame and doubt, Will; new physical skills lead to demand for more choices
