Chapter 9 Flashcards
The electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compounds
Ionic bond
Get stability by adopting a noble gas configuration
Isoelectronic
Chemical bond in which 2 or more electrons are shared by 2 atoms
Covalent bonds
Bond lengths
Triple
Covalent bond with greater electron density around one of the 2 atoms
Sharing not equal
Polar covalent bond
Atoms form ions to _____
To become more stable
metals _____ valence electrons to form ____
Loose, cations
Elements share electrons
Covalent
_____ never have dots
_____ always have dots
Cation
Anions
The ability of an atom to attract the electrons in a chemical bonds
Electronegativity
What has the highest measurable electron affinity?
Chlorine
What is the highest electronegativity?
Florine
Classification of bonds by difference in electronegativity
0
>2
0
Covalent
Ionic
Polar covalent
Increasing difference in electronegativity
Covalent
Polar covalent
Ionic
Share electrons
Partial transfer of electrons
Transfer of electrons
In Lewis structures…
Put _____ electronegative element in center
Complete an octet for all atoms except _____
Least
Hydrogen
The difference between the number of valence electrons in an isolated atom and the number of electron assigned to that atom in a Lewis structure
Formal change
Formal charge equation
Formal charge = total number of valance electrons - total dots - 1/2 total number of bonds (lines)
Lewis structures with large formal changes are ______________ than those with small formal charges
Less plausible
______ formal charges should be placed on the more electronegative atoms
Negative
One of two or more Lewis structures for a single molecule that cannot be represented accurately but only one Lewis structure
Resonance structure
The one with ____ electronegativity suffers
Less
Exceptions to the octet
Incomplete octet
Odd electron molecules
The expanded octet
The enthalpy change required to break a particular bond in one mole of gaseous molecules is _________
Bond enthalpy
Enthalpy change formula
Sum of reaction -sum products
The outer shell electrons of an atom
Electron that participate in chemical bonding
Valence electrons
