Chapter 9

Question 1

Nonpartisan Election

Answer 1

A local for judicial election in which candidates are not selected or endorsed by political parties and party affiliation is not listed on ballots

Question 2

Political Party

Answer 2

And organisation that six political power by electing people to office so that its philosophy become public policy

Question 3

Patronage

Answer 3

The dispensing of government jobs to persons who belong to the winning political party.

Question 4

Soft Money

Answer 4

Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party-building purposes. Now largely illegal except for limited contributions to state or local parties for voter registration and get-out-the-vote efforts.

Question 5

Hard Money

Answer 5

Political contributions given to a party, candidate, or interest group that are limited in amounts and fully disclosed. Raising such limited funds is harder than raising unlimited funds, hence the term “hard money.”

Question 6

Independent Expenditure

Answer 6

The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals, groups, and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidates. When an individual, group, or party does so, they are making an independent expenditure.

Question 7

Honeymoon

Answer 7

Period at the beginning of the new president’s term during which the president enjoys generally positive relations with the press and Congress, usually lasting about six months.

Question 8

Caucus

Answer 8

A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform.

Question 9

Party Convention

Answer 9

A meeting of party delegates to vote on matters of policy and in some cases to select party candidates for public office.

Question 10

Direct Primary

Answer 10

Election in which voters choose party nominees.

Question 11

Open Primary

Answer 11

Primary election in which any voter, regardless of party, may vote.

Question 12

Crossover Voting

Answer 12

Voting by member of one party for a candidate of another party.

Question 13

Closed Primary

Answer 13

Primary election in which only persons registered in the party holding the primary may vote

Question 14

Proportional Representation

Answer 14

An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote.

Question 15

Winner-take-all System

Answer 15

Election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins.

Question 16

Minor Party

Answer 16

A small political party that rises and falls with a charismatic candidate or, if composed of ideologies on the right or left, usually persists over time; also called a third party.

Question 17

Libertarian Party

Answer 17

A minor party that believes in extremely limited government. Libertarians call for a free market system, expanded individual liberties such as drug legalization, and a foreign policy of nonintervention, free trade, and open immigration.

Question 18

Green Party

Answer 18

A minor party dedicated to the environment, social justice, nonviolence, and the foreign policy of nonintervention. Ralph Nader ran as the Green party’s nominee in 2000.

Question 19

Reform Party

Answer 19

A minor party founded by Ross Perot in 1995. It focuses on national government reform, fiscal responsibility, and political accountability. It has recently struggled with internal strife and criticism that it lacks an identity.

Question 20

Realigning Election

Answer 20

An election during periods of expanded suffrage and change in the economy and society that proves to be a turning point, redefining the agenda of politics and the alignment of voters within parties.

Question 21

Laissez-faire Economics

Answer 21

Theory that opposes governmental interference in economic affairs beyond what is necessary to protect life and property.

Question 22

Keynesian Economics

Answer 22

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and the curve during booms

Question 23

Divided Government

Answer 23

Governance divided between the parties, as when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.

Question 24

National Party Convention

Answer 24

A national meeting of delegates elected in primaries, caucuses, or state conventions who assemble once every four years to nominate candidates for president and vice president, ratify the party platform, elect officers, and adopt rules.

Question 25

Party Registration.

Answer 25

The act of declaring party affiliation; required by some states when one registers to vote

Question 26

Party Identification

Answer 26

An informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood.

Question 27

Dealignment

Answer 27

Weakening of partisan preferences that points to a rejection of both major parties and a rise in the number of independents.