Chapter 9

Question 0

What is experiment

Answer 0

A research method that involves gathering data under controlled conditions to test a hypothesis by exposing participants to a treatment and observing and measuring it’s effects

Question 1

What is experimental method

Answer 1

A scientific research method the uses participants in a formal trial to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis.

Question 2

What is experimental group

Answer 2

In a controlled experiment, the group of participants exposed to the independent variable.

Question 3

What is independent variable (IV)

Answer 3

The condition that an experimenter systematically manipulates (changes or varies) in order to gauge it’s effect on another variable (the dependent variable)

Question 4

Dependent variable (DV)

Answer 4

The condition in an experiment or aspect of the participants behavior that is affected by changes in the independent variable (IV); it is used as a measure of the IV’s effect

Question 5

Control group

Answer 5

In a controlled experiment, the group of participants exposed to all conditions or variables except the independent variable.

Question 6

Experimental hypothesis

Answer 6

A broad and general prediction about the direction of the relationship between variables in an experiment - I.e. Whether the variables increase or decrease in relation to one another

Question 7

Research hypothesis

Answer 7

A hypothesis that operationalises the variables by precisely defining and describing how each variable is measured, and predicts the exact effect the IV is expected to have on the behaviour of the population from which the sample has been selected.

Question 8

Hypothesis

Answer 8

A testable prediction of the relationship between two variables

Question 9

Variable

Answer 9

Any event, condition or characteristic that changes (varies) or can be made to change

Question 10

Participants

Answer 10

The people or animals whose behaviour, characterised or responses are investigated and measured as part of an experiment.

Question 11

Data

Answer 11

The observed facts that constitute the results of an experiment.

Question 12

Raw data

Answer 12

The actual data collected from a study, before it is sorted or analysed

Question 13

Conclusion

Answer 13

A decision or judgment about the meaningfulness of the results of a study

Question 14

Inferential statistics

Answer 14

Statistics that allow an experimenter to make inferences and conclusions about data; they are often used to interpret results of a study