Chapter 9 Flashcards
asexual reproduction
process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from one parent
sexual reproduction
process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent
chromosome
condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide
chromatin
combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
centromere
region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together
sister chromatid
one of a pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides
haploid
having a single set of chromosomes
diploid
having two homologous sets of chromosomes
xx chromosome
female
xy chromosome
male
cancer
disease caused by severe disruption of the mechanisms that normally control the cell cycle
surgery
malignant tumors are removed
it’s difficult to successfully remove all traces of cancer cells with surgery
radiation therapy
parts of the body with cancerous tumors are exposed to high-energy radiation, which disrupts cell division
(minimal damage to normal cells)
Chemotherapy
treating the patient with drugs that disrupt cell division
prevent cell division by interfering with the mitotic spindle-freeze or stop
side effects of radiation therapy
damage cells of the ovaries or testes, causing sterility
