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Biology 100 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Name the four nitrogen bases for RNA

A

Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Uracil

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1
Q

Name the four nitrogen bases for DNA

A

Cytosine
Guanine
Adenine
Thymine

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2
Q

Name the three types of mutations

A

Substitution
Deletion
Addition

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3
Q

The complementary RNA copy of the DNA gene

A

Messenger RNA

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4
Q

Subcellular globular structures that are composed of ribosomal RNA

A

Ribosomes

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5
Q

Involves using the instructions carried by a gene to build a particular protein

A

Protein synthesis

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6
Q

The process that involves producing the copy of the required gene

A

Transcription

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7
Q

This process involved decoding the copied RNA sequence and producing the protein for which it codes

A

Translation

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8
Q

Sequence of nucleotides to which the polymerase binds to start transcription

A

Promoter

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9
Q

Three nucleotides long and encode particular amino acids

A

Codon

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10
Q

Region of tRNA that binds to a mRNA codon

A

Anticodon

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11
Q

An mRNA codon that does not code for an amino acid and cause the amino acid chain to be released into the cytoplasm

A

Stop codon

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12
Q

Changes to the DNS sequence that can affect the order or types of amino acids incorporated into a protein during translation

A

Mutation

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13
Q

The grouping of mRNAs into 3 base codons for translation

A

Reading frame

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14
Q

A mutation that occurs when the number of nucleotides inserted or deleted from a DNA sequence is not a multiple of three

A

Frame shift mutuation

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15
Q

Turning a gene on or off

A

Regulating gene expression

16
Q

Entire suite of genes present in an organism

A

Genome

17
Q

Tumors induced by placid

A

Ti plasmid

18
Q

When a gene from one species is incorporated into the genome of another species is a

A

Transgenic organism/ Genetically Modified Organisma

19
Q

In specialized or undifferentiated precursor cells that have not yet been programmed to performed a specific function

A

Stem cells

20
Q

Using stem cells to produce healthy tissues as replacements for damaged tissues is a type of

A

Therapeutic cloning

21
Q

When a cell that can become any other cell type immediately after fertilization

A

Totipotent

22
Q

Involved determining the nucleotide base sequence of the entire human

A

Human genome project

23
Q

Replacing defective human genes with functional genes

A

Gene therapy

24
Q

A selective breeding program with the purpose of increasing crop productivity or developing new breeds on domestic animals require:

A

Parents with genetic variation

25
Q

The test cross is designed to determine:

A

The genotype of the parent with the dominant phenotype

26
Q

A test cross always involves

A

A homozygous recessive individual

Biology 100 (10 decks)

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