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Biology 100 > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Members of a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to seperate during meiosis resulting in abnormal sets of chromosomes (xxxx,xxxy,OY)

A

Nondisjunction

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1
Q

Photograph of chromosomes at metaphase of mitosis

A

Karyotpe

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2
Q

A type of inheritance where the heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate to both homozygous

A

Incomplete Dominance

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3
Q

The situation by which two different alleles of a gene are both expressed in an individual

A

Codominance

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4
Q

Traits that are affected by the interactions of many

A

Polygenic Traits

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5
Q

Occurs when there are more than two alleles of a gene in the population

A

Multiple Allelism

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6
Q

The ability of a single gene to cause multiple effects on an individual’s phenotype

A

Pleiotropy

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7
Q

Genes located on the X or Y chromosome

A

Sex linked chromosomes

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8
Q

The inactivation of one of two chromosomes in the XX female

A

X inactivation

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9
Q

Powerful genetic identification technique that takes advantage of differences in DNA sequences between all people other than identical twins

A

DNA Fingerprinting

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10
Q

Used to amplify or produce many copies of a particular region of DNA

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction

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11
Q

The double stranded DNA to be copied

A

Template

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12
Q

The individual building block subunits of DNA

A

Nucleotides

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13
Q

Short single stranded pieces of DNA

A

Primers

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14
Q

DNA polymerase that uses one strand of DNA as a template for the synthesis of a daughter pairs are complementary.

A

Taq Polymerase

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15
Q

The splitting up of the middle of the double helix to produce single strands.

A

Denatured

16
Q

A monosaccharide sugar in carbohydrates

A

Glucose

17
Q

A disaccharide sugar in carbohydrates

A

Sucrose

18
Q

Plant cell walls

A

Cellulose

19
Q

Exoskeleton of insects, spiders, and lobsters

A

Chitin

20
Q

Carbohydrates are made up of these three components

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

21
Q

Lipids are made up of these three components

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

22
Q

These fats store energy

A

Triglycerids

23
Q

Protein is made up of these five components

A 
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
24
Q

These accelerate (catalyze) chemical reactions

A

Enzymes

25
Q

A nucleotide is made up of these three things

A

Sugar
Phosphate group
Nitrogen base

26
Q

What are the two types of nucleus acids?

A

DNA

RNA

27
Q

This scientist tested the discovery of transformation with rats. He injected R strains and S strains into rats to test this theory.

A

Griffith

28
Q

Griffith concluded that…

A

Genetic material had been transferred from dead S strain cells to live R strain cells transforming them into S strain cells. S strain being dominant to live R cells

29
Q

These three scientists tested Griffiths results and found that when DNA was isolated it was capable of causing transformation

A

Avery
MacLeod
McCarty

30
Q

Avery retested his experiment because other scientists thought that the _____ in DNA caused the transformation

A

Proteins

31
Q

These two scientists tested to see if DNA or proteins entered bacterial cells of bacteriophage

A

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase

32
Q

Hershey and chase found that…

A

DNA enters bacterial cells not protein

33
Q

This scientist found that RNA cores and protein subunits could be reassembled to make particles capable of infecting tobacco leaves.

A

Fraenkel Conrad

Biology 100 (10 decks)

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