Chapter 9

Question 0

In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate group binds to the _______ of the next group.

Answer 0

Deoxyribose Sugar

Question 1

What are the three parts that the nucleotide is made up of?

Answer 1

A phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base

Question 2

Chargraff’s rule states that DNA of any species contains equal amounts of _____ & _____ and also equal amounts of ______ & ______

Answer 2

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, & Guanine

Question 3

In a strand of DNA, if the percentage of thymine is 30%, what would the percent of cytosine in the same DNA strand be?

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

Watson, Crick & Franklin determined that the shape of the DNA molecule was a _____

Answer 4

Double Helix

Question 5

Define Double Helix.

Answer 5

Two strands twisted around each other like a winding staircase

Question 6

Define Sex Chromosomes.

Answer 6

The 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, contains genes that will determine the sex of the indv.

Question 7

What is another name for the carrier of the gene?

Answer 7

Heterozygous

Question 8

What is Franklin credited for?

Answer 8

The first to show a picture of DNA, & finding the structure.

Question 9

Where does DNA replication occur?

Answer 9

During the S phase of the cell cycle.

Question 10

What is the first main step to replication?

Answer 10

Step 1: double helix unwinds ; helicase unzips the DNA strand by breaking the hydrogen bonds down btwn the base pairs & creates 2 new template strands.

Question 11

What is replication forks?

Answer 11

The areas where the double helix separates.

Question 12

What is the second step to the replication?

Answer 12

At the replication forks, DNA polymerase inserts new complementary bases (builds P/S backbones)

Question 13

What is the third step to replication?

Answer 13

The DNA polymerase proofreads the & fixes errors.

Question 14

Why do purines pair with pyrimidines ?

Answer 14

One has two large rings while the other has only one

Question 15

What type of bonds connect the deoxyribose sugars to the phosphate groups?

Answer 15

Convalent

Question 16

What type of bonds connect the bases to each other?

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonds

Question 17

What enzyme connects the new bases to the old bases in the DNA template?

Answer 17

DNA polymerase

Question 18

What enzymes connects the new nucleotides together and proofreads them?

Answer 18

DNA polymerase

Question 19

How many hydrogen bonds do cytosine bind with guanine?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

How many hydrogen bonds do adenine bind with thymine?

Answer 20

2

Question 21

5-3 also referred to?

Answer 21

Based pairing

Question 22

Define Transformation.

Answer 22

A change in genotype caused when cells take up foreign genetic material.

Question 23

Why Pea Plants?

Answer 23

• their cheaper
• matures quickly
• produces a lot of offspring
• small and grows quickly
• 2 forms

Question 24

If most of the males in the pedigree are affected the disorder is ______

Answer 24

X-Linked

Question 25

If the disorder is ______ one of the parents must have the disorder (shaded).

Answer 25

Dominant

Question 26

If the disorder is _____ neither parent has to have the disorder bc/ they can be carriers.

Answer 26

Recessive

Question 27

If the child is shaded it’s because the parent is _____

Answer 27

Heterozygous

Question 28

Adenine and Guanine are?

Answer 28

Purines

Question 29

Cytosine and Thymine are?

Answer 29

Pyrimidines

Question 30

What are the backbones of DNA held together by?

Answer 30

Strong Convalent bonds

Question 31

What did the scientist Avery demonstrate?

Answer 31

that DNA was the transformation agent.