chapter 9 Flashcards
sex
the biological and anatomical differences distinguishing females from males
gender
social expectations about behavior regarded as appropriate for the members of each sex. gender refers not only to the physical attributes distinguishing men and women, but to socially formed traits of masculinity and femininity
gender socialization
the learning of gender roles through social factors such as schooling, the media and family
social construction of gender
the learning of gender roles through socialization and interaction with others
patriarchy
the dominance of men over women. all known societies are patriarchal, although there are variations in degree and nature of the power men exercise, as compared with women.
gender inequality
the inequality between men and women in terms of wealth, income and status
gender typing
designation of occupations as male or female. women’s occupations=retail position, secretary, positions with lower status and pay
men’s occupations=managerial and professional positions, have higher pay and status
comparable wealth
policies that attempt the remedy the gender pay gap by adjusting pay so that those in female-dominated positions are not paid less for equivalent work
glass ceiling
a promotion barrier that prevents a woman’s upward mobility within an organization
glass escalator
the process by which men in traditionally female positions benefit from an unfair rapid rise within an organization
sexual harassment
the making of unwanted sexual advances by one individual towards another, in which the first person persists even though it is clear that the other party is resistant
housework
unpaid work carried on in the home, usually by women; domestic chores such as cooking, cleaning and shopping, AKA domestic labor
rape
the forcing on nonconsensual vaginal, oral or anal intercourse
feminist theory
a sociological perspective that emphasizes the centrality of gender in analyzing the social world and particularly the uniqueness of the experience of women. intended to explain the gender inequalities in society and work to overcome them
liberal feminism
form of feminist theory that believes that gender inequality is produced by unequal access to civil rights and certain social resources, such as education and employment, based on sex. tend to seek solutions through changes in legislation that ensure the rights of the individual are protected
