Chapter 3

Question 1

socialization

Answer 1

the social process through which we develop an awareness of social norms and values and achieve a distinct sense of self. continue throughout life

Question 2

social reproduction

Answer 2

the process whereby societies have structural continuity over time. important pathway through which parents transmit or produce values, norms and social practice among their children

Question 3

cognition

Answer 3

human thought process involving perception, reasoning and remembering

Question 4

social self

Answer 4

the basis of self consciousness in human individuals. conferred upon an individual by the reaction of others

Question 5

self consciousness

Answer 5

awareness of one’s distinct social identity as a person separate from others. acquire this as a result of early socialization learning of language is vital to becoming self conscious

Question 6

generalized other

Answer 6

concept by Mead, an individual takes over the general values of a given group or society during the socialization process

Question 7

sensorimonitor stage

Answer 7

Piaget, stage of human cognitive development in which the child’s awareness of its environment is dominated by perception and touch

Question 8

preoperational stage

Answer 8

Piaget, child has advanced sufficiency to master basic modes of logical thought

Question 9

egocentric

Answer 9

Piaget, characteristic quality of a child during the early years of her life. involves understanding objects and events in the environment solely in terms of the child’s own position

Question 10

concrete operational stage

Answer 10

stage of human cognitive development, child’s thinking is based on physical perception of the world. child is not yet capable of dealing with abstract concepts or hypothetical situations

Question 11

formal operational stage

Answer 11

the growing child become scalable of handling abstract concepts and hypothetical situations

Question 12

agents of socialization

Answer 12

groups of social contexts within which process of socialization take place

Question 13

nuclear family

Answer 13

a family group consisting of an adult or adult couple and their dependent children

Question 14

peer group

Answer 14

a friendship group composed of individuals of similar age and social status

Question 15

age-grades

Answer 15

the system found in small traditional cultures by which people belonging to a similar age group are categorized together and hold similar rights and obligations

Question 16

social roles

Answer 16

socially defined expectations of an individual in a given status or occupying a particular social position.

Question 17

self-identity

Answer 17

the ongoing process of self-development and definition of our personal identity through which we formulate a unique sense of ourselves and our relationship to the world around us

Question 18

life course

Answer 18

the various transitions and stages people experience during their lives

Question 19

aging

Answer 19

the combination of biological, physical and social processes that affect people as they grow older

Question 20

social gerontologists

Answer 20

those who study aging and the elderly

Question 21

disengagement theory

Answer 21

functionalist theory of aging that holds that it is functional to remove people from their traditional roles when they become elderly, thereby freeing up those roles for others

Question 22

activity theory

Answer 22

busy, engaged people are more likely to lead fulfilling and productive lives

Question 23

social conflict theories of aging

Answer 23

arguments that emphasize the ways in which larger social structure helps shape the opportunities available to the elderly

Question 24

young old

Answer 24

person between the ages 65-74

Question 25

old old

Answer 25

person between the ages 75-84

Question 26

oldest old

Answer 26

person age 85 or older

Question 27

ageism

Answer 27

discrimination or prejudice against a person on the grounds of age