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personality test 3 > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

a motivated chain of interrelated psychological events that cross a set of major mental areas to bring about an outcome, are potentially reversible and modifiable

A

personality dynamic

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2
Q

a smaller personality dynamic that involves one part of a personality influencing another

A

micro-dynamics

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3
Q

a class of long-term stable mental patterns related to motives, including such examples as need for achievement, sensation-seeking, and the like

A

dynamic traits

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4
Q

a dynamic that crosses two or three major functional areas of personality

A

meso-dynamics

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5
Q

models of the self and world that are especially focused on what causes a particular behavior, event, or situation. some people tend to see the world as caused by themselves, others see it as caused by other people or situations

A

causal attributions

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6
Q

a larger dynamic that crosses all or almost all the many major functional areas or parts of personality

A

macro-level dynamics

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7
Q

the conscious psychological awareness of a need

A

urge

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8
Q

a state of tension within the individual that can be satisfied by a specific goal

A

need

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9
Q

aspects of the environment that elicit needs in a person

A

press

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10
Q

a process that is directing or ruling personality at a given point in time

A

regnant process

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11
Q

a need that would take over the actions of personality-that is become a regnant process- more quickly than other needs; that is, a very important need

A

prepotent need

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12
Q

basic needs in which may cause the establishment of secondary needs as when a person’s desire to be intimate with another person creates a need to behave well toward the person as a means to impress the individual

A

determinant needs

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13
Q

a state of needs in which one need serves another, as when a person tries to do well in school (need for achievement) so as to attain the ultimate goal of impressing others (need for esteem)

A

subsidiary needs

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14
Q

the state of a need or motive which, although originally caused by a biological urge, has taken on an independent life of its own

A

functionally autonomous

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15
Q

specific activities a person is currently attempting to carry out in order to meet long term plans and goals

A

personal strivings

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16
Q

a personal striving or plan that meets one set of goals whiles frustrating another set of goals

A

conflictual striving

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17
Q

a personal striving that involves a goal that is, itself, fraught with problems. for example, striving to be honest. although very desirable, entails many costs

A

ambivalent striving

18
Q

a state or condition of several distinct needs that occurs when a person engages in an action or objective that satisfies all the needs simultaneously

A

need fusion

19
Q

an effect in which ideas or concepts that match a mood in tone (pleasant thoughts, happy mood) seem more memorable, plausible, reasonable, and/or likely than ideas or concepts that mismatch the individual’s mood

A

mood-congruent cognition effect

20
Q

a special case of the mood-congruent cognition effect concerning judgements of plausibility or likelihood. for example, in a happy mood, good weather seem more likely

A

mood-congruent judgement

21
Q

basic motives

A

ergs (ergic)

22
Q

emotional attachments to ideas or activities

A

sentiments

23
Q

a scientific label for the concept that simply thinking of a physical movement brings it about or increases the likelihood of bringing it about

A

ideomotor action

24
Q

the belief of a person holds as to how likely it is he or she will or can succeed at gaining a particular, sought-after objective

A

expectancy of reward

25
Q

the assessment a person makes of how desirable or pleasurable a particular objective or goal is

A

reward value

26
Q

the state of an idea or desire to act, when that desire is blocked from an action. in such a case, the idea may further be considered and elaborated. it may for example be recast as an emotional fantasy

A

regression of an idea

27
Q

mistaken behaviors or slips of the tongue that reveal something about a person’s hidden motivations

A

parapraxes

28
Q

a part of the brain, located on the surface of the rearmost area of the frontal lobe, that controls the movement of the body, the areas of this surface region are arrayed in sequences that mirror in part the arrangement of the external body

A

motor homunculus

29
Q

the capacity of a portion of the brain or mind to control and direct the individual’s external movement, activity, and language

A

access to motility

30
Q

fairly precise gestures that have specific meanings in one’s culture, such as shaking the head up and down to mean “yes”

A

emblems

31
Q

movements of the hands or other body parts to supplement the meanings of speech, as when a person holds his hand close together to illustrate “small”

A

illustrators

32
Q

movement of the body or parts of the body for purposes of going someplace

A

locomotion

33
Q

physical movements that a person has performed over and over again until they are so over-learned the individual pays little or no attention to them

A

automatized actions

34
Q

the relatively direct and obvious meaning of a communication as opposed to its more hidden or symbolic meanings

A

manifest content

35
Q

meanings of a communication that are symbolic, secondary, or conveyed indirectly, but that still can be understood by a careful observer

A

latent content

36
Q

a sociological perspective on social behavior which concentrates on how people represent themselves and each other in society

A

symbolic interactionism

37
Q

statements people make to request a pardon or otherwise reduce the negativity of something they are about to say that they recognize may not meet the social ideals or expectations of the listener

A

disclaimers

38
Q

excuses or rationalizations people give of why they did or did not do something they should have done

A

accounts

39
Q

the attempt to make other people look a certain way; for example, drawing attention to qualities that may make them seem more courageous or cowardly than otherwise

A

altercasting

40
Q

a quality of the individual to be motivated and calculating so as to intentionally manipulate social situations for gain and power

A

machiavellian personality

personality test 3 (3 decks)

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