chapter 8 Flashcards
the relatively enduring, distinct major areas of the personality system, and their interrelations and interconnections. These different areas of personality can be distinguished according to their different contents, functions, or other characteristics
personality structure
this is a structural conception or theory about traits in which there are said to be big traits or super traits that can be divided into a larger number of lower-level, specific traits
hierarchical structure of traits
these are very general, broad, thematic expressions of mental life that are relatively consistent within the individual, and that can be subdivided into more specific traits
big or super traits
a specific hierarchical structural model of traits, proposed by Hans Eysenck in which two traits: Extra-introversion and Neuroticism- Stability are divisible into more specific traits. Collectively, the two supertraits and their subdivisions are said to describe much of personality
Big two supertraits
a later modification of the Big Two supertrait model by Eysenck in which a third supertrait, Psychotocism-Tender Mindedness, was added
Big three supertraits
a hierarchical structural model of traits, developed by a number of researchers, in which five broad traits are used to describe personality. they are: neuroticism-stability, extraversion-intraversion, openness-closedness, agreeableness-disagreeableness, and conscientiousness-carelessness.
big five model
the hypothesis that the most important personality traits are those that can be found in the language people use to describe one another
lexical hypothesis
a subjective experience of attention and awareness, and the capacity to reflect on that awareness
consciousness
all the information in memory that could be consciously retrieved if necessary
declarative memory preconscious memory (FREUD)
a part of the mind that cannot or does not readily enter awareness
unconscious
portions of neural activity that take place with no connection to consciousness, such as the firing of individual nerve pathways or elementary processing of psychological info
No-access unconscious
unconscious proper
a type of mental bias or process that
implicit unconscious
an effect i which familiarity with a name leads a person to falsely believe the name is of a famous person
false fame effect
a type of mental process that consists of influences that could be known if the person paid attention or if the person taught about the influence, but that goes unnoticed for many or most people
unnoticed unconscious
material that is made unconscious, through the redirection of attention, because the material is too painful or unpleasant to think about or feel
dynamic unconscious
mental processes that divert attention from painful or unpleasant things to think about, help keep material dynamically unconscious
defense mechanism
divisions of personality based on the idea that different parts of the system carry out different forms of work (meeting needs vs, solving problems)
functional models
this structural model of personality divides the systems into three different functional areas: conation (motivation), affect (mood), and cognition (thought)
trilogy of mind
divides the mind into separate intellectual functions called faculties, which include such broad areas as motivation, emotion, and cognition. each functional area is in turn divided into more specific functions
faculty psychology
an expanded version of the trilogy of mid that adds consciousness to it
quaternity of mind
a structural model of the human brain that divides its physical areas according to whether the structures resemble those found in reptiles, or whether the structures evolved at a later time and resemble those of early mammals or of more recently evolved mammals
triune brain
the oldest part of the brain and the part of the “triune brain” structural model that includes such early-evolved, inner structures of the brain as the brain stem, pons, cerebellum, and portions of the thalamus and hypothalamus
reptilian brain
a newer-evolved portion of the brain, shared in common among many mammals, that includes limbic system structures
paleo/old mammalian brain
a group of brain structures including the hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus, that together regulate motives, emotions, memory, and physiological processes
limbic system
the newest-evolved portion of the brain, shared in common among primates and including the thick outer layer of the cerebral cortex
neo/new mammalian brain
the outer surface of the brain including massive inter-associations among neurons; most responsible for higher mental processes and reasoning
cerebral cortex
a band of areas in the cerebral cortex, where each area corresponds to a part of the body, in order, such as toes, foot, lower leg, and so forth
body homunculus
a structural model of personality that emphasizes four functional areas: the energy lattice (motivation and emotion), the knowledge works (mental models and intelligence), the social actor (procedural knowledge for behavior), and the executive consciousness (self-awareness and control)
systems set
models that illustrate the relationship between personality and its surrounding environment
connective structural models
a structural division of personality proposed by walter mischel and his colleagues which divides personality into cognitive structures such as expectancies and beliefs, and into affects
cognitive-affect personality system (CAPS)
the systems including biological underpinnings, social settings, interactive situations, and group memberships, which surround the individual and in which the individual operates
life space
broadly speaking, the influence of one part of a personality on another
personality dynamics
