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Honors Biology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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0
Q

Genetics

A

The study of genes and genomes

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1
Q

Allele

A

Alternative form of a gene

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2
Q

Heredity

A

The passing on of traits from parents to offspring

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3
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of genetics, pea plant experiment

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4
Q

Law of Independent Assortment

A

Factors for different characteristics are distributed to gametes independently

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5
Q

Law of Dominant and Recessive

A

A trait controlled by a recessive factor has no observable effect on an organisms appearance when it is paired with a dominant trait

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6
Q

Law of Segregation

A

A pair of factors is separated during the formation of gametes

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7
Q

P1 generation

A

Parental generation

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8
Q

Pollination

A

Pollen grains produced in the anthers(male) are transferred to the stigma(female)

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9
Q

Self pollination

A

Pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either the same flower or a flower on the same plant

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10
Q

Cross pollination

A

Transfer of pollen between two different plants

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11
Q

Purebred

A

Homozygous

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12
Q

True-breeding

A

Displaying only one form of a particular trait in offspring

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13
Q

Dominant

A

Genetic trait that is expressed when it’s allele is homozygous dominant or heterozygous

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14
Q

Recessive

A

Genetic trait that is not expressed when the contrasting form of the trait is present

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15
Q

Trait

A

Characteristic

16
Q

Punnett Square

A

A diagram to predict the probability that certain traits will be inherited by offspring

17
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

2 traits

18
Q

Monohybrid cross

A

1 trait

19
Q

Gene

A

Short segment of a chromosome, unit of hereditary information

20
Q

Heterozygous

A

Hh

21
Q

Homozygous

A

HH or hh

22
Q

Phenotype

A

The appearance of an organism based on it’s genotype

23
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an organism

24
Q

Test cross

A

A genetic cross of two individuals where one individual has a known phenotype but unknown genotype

25
Q

Hybrid

A

Heterozygous

26
Q

Probability

A

The likelihood a specific event will occur

27
Q

Genotypic ratio

A

The ratio of the genotype that appear in offspring

28
Q

Phenotypic ratio

A

The ratio of the phenotypes that appear in offspring

29
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

Two or more alleles influence the phenotype, resulting in a phenotype intermediate between the two parents

30
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles for a gene are expressed in heterozygous offspring

31
Q

Progeny

A

Offspring of the offspring, also called filial generations

32
Q

Autosome

A

Not a sex chromosome

Honors Biology (5 decks)

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