Chapter 11 Flashcards
Cancer
The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Sarcoma
Cancer that develops from soft tissue
Metastasis
The spread of cancer from one organ to another
Benign
Harmless
Malignant
Harmful, life-threatening
Tumor
An abnormal mass of tissue as a result of abnormal growth or division of cells
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that can become specialized cells and divide to produce more stem cells
Intron
Nucleotide sequence that is removed by RNA splicing
Exons
Nucleotide sequence that remains in the final RNA product after the introns have been removed
Zygote
Fertilized egg cell
Human genome
Complete set of genetic information in humans
Gene expression
Information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a protein
Lymphoma
Cancer that starts in immune system cells
Carcinoma
A cancer that begins in a tissue which lines the inner/outer surfaces of the body
Mutagens
Physical or chemical agents that change genetic material and increase the frequency of mutations
Carcinogen
A substance directly involved in causing cancer
Genome
The entirety of an organisms hereditary information
Tumor suppressor gene
Prevents the cell from the next step of cancer
Structural genes
Genes that code for particular polypeptides
Promoter
A DNA segment that recognizes the enzyme RNA polymerase and promotes transcription
Operator
A DNA segment that serves as a binding site for an inhibitory protein that blocks transcription and prevents protein synthesis
