Chapter 9 Flashcards
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Compact Bone
Contains yellow marrow, osteons, marrow stores fat, forms outer bone covering
Spongy bone
contains red blood cells, red bone marrow, forms inner part of bone, site of hematopoiesis
hematopoiesis
blood cell production in the red bone marrow
Which of these is not a characteristic of skeletal muscle?
a. Fibers well supplied with nerves and blood vessels
b. Fibers undergo mitosis
c. Fibers contain thick and thin contractile filaments
d. Fibers stimulated at neuromuscular junction
b
Which of these is not a function of skeletal muscle?
a. Stabilizes joints
b. Maintains body temperature through contraction
c. Maintains body position through muscle tone
d. Stabilizes glucose metabolism by storage of glycogen
d
stages of bone healing
- hematoma formation
- granulation tissue formation
- fibrocartilage formation
- bony callus formation
- remodeling
Which of the following is not a cause of osteoporosis?
a. Decreased mobility and sedentary lifestyle
b. Hormonal factors such as hyperparathyroidism
c. Deficits of calcium or vitamin D
d. Excessive physical exercise
e. Excessive caffeine intake
d
Which of the following is not a treatment for osteoporosis?
a. Injections of human parathyroid hormone
b. Limiting heavy exercise
c. Surgery to realign the vertebral column
d. Vitamin D dietary supplements
e. Walking or weight lifting
b
Which is not a characteristic of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis?
a. Articular cartilage may eventually be lost.
b. Joint space becomes wider.
c. Cysts and osteophytes may develop.
d. Surface of the cartilage becomes rough.
e. Tissue damage releases enzymes.
b
Which is not a part of the etiology of osteoarthritis?
a. Primary arthritis usually affects only a few joints.
b. Genetic predisposition has been reported.
c. Hips are more commonly affected in men.
d. Secondary arthritis is the most common form of osteoarthritis.
e. Secondary arthritis often involves one or several predisposed joints.
d
Which is not a sign or symptom of osteoarthritis?
a. Systemic symptoms such as high fever
b. Predisposition to falls
c. Enlarged and hard joint
d. Bony enlargement of the distal interphalangeal joints
e. Weight-bearing joint involvement
a
Which is not a treatment for osteoarthritis?
a. Massage therapy and occupational therapy
b. Injection of synthetic synovial fluid
c. Minimization of undue stress on joint
d. Antibiotics for prevention of joint infection
e. Surgical joint replacement
d
Which is not a characteristic of the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Pannus formation
b. Development of ankylosis
c. Development of systemic effects
d. Atrophy of muscles
e. Buildup of excess cartilage
e
Which is not a part of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Definite familial predisposition
b. Increased incidence with age
c. More common in men than women
d. Link to several viral infections
e. Rheumatoid factor (RF) often present
c
Which is not a sign or symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Joint stiffness occurs during activity.
b. Joint eventually becomes fixed.
c. Systemic effects such as low-grade fever result.
d. Joints appear red and swollen.
e. Joint eventually becomes deformed.
a
Which is not a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis?
a. Balance between rest and moderate activity
b. Physical and occupational therapy
c. Use of cold and heat
d. Surgical intervention
e. Drugs such as antibiotics
e
When the skin is broken and bone fragments may be angled and protrude through the skin in a bone fracture, the fracture is called a:
a. Compound fracture
b. Displaced fracture
c. Complete fracture
d. Compression fracture
a
Two types of inclusions that may be found in skeletal muscle fibers are:
a. Lactose and lipid globules
b. Vacuoles and lysosomes
c. Hemoglobin and dystrophin
d. Myoglobin and glycogen
d
A common metabolic bone disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and density, together with loss of bone matrix and mineralization, is referred to as:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Fibromyalgia
c. Spondylitis
d. Rheumatoid arthritis
a
A tear in a tendon is called a:
Strain
Duchenne’s is a form of this disease:
Muscular Dystrophy
A large muscle tear that: stops short of a complete tear, pain is severe, muscle may be partially contracted, loss of strength and range of motion is classified as a:
Second degree tear
Bone that is composed of units referred to as osteons that are tightly packed together, producing a very strong rigid structure that forms the outer covering of bones, is called:
Compact Bone
Osteomalacia occurs in adults as a result of poor absorption of:
Vitamin D
The type of fracture that results from a weakness in the bone structure caused by conditions such as a tumor or osteoporosis is called a(n):
Pathologic fracture
Completely immovable joints such as the sutures between the skull bones are classified as:
Synarthroses
The accumulation of uric acid or urate crystals in the joint is a sign of:
Gouty Arthritis
A chronic progressive inflammatory joint disease characterized by stiffening and fusion of the spine and sacroiliac joints is called:
Ankylosing Spondylitis
When the bone is only partially displaced, this trauma is called:
Subluxation
A chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by pain and stiffness affecting muscles, tendons, and surrounding soft tissues is called:
Fibromyalgia
Still’s disease is a form of:
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
The abnormal curvature of the spine (also refered to as “humpback or hunchback”) that is characterized by abnormally rounded upper back is called:
Kyphosis
The primary defect in osteoarthritis is the damage and eventual loss of:
Articular Cartilage
The contractile elements of the muscle fiber are:
Actin and Myosin
The temporary displacement of bones from their normal position in a joint is called a
Dislocation
A bone neoplasm that arises from cartilage cells is:
Chondrosarcoma
Bone-forming cells that produce bone matrix are called:
Osteoblasts
Chronic accelerated bone remodeling eventually enlarges and softens the affected bones in this progressive bone disease:
Pagets Disease
The five stages of bone healing are:
Hematoma, granulation tissue, procallus, bony callus, remodeling
An autoimmune disorder that results in a chronic inflammatory disease causing symmetric inflammation of the joints and symptoms such as anorexia and fever is:
Rheumatoid arthritis
