Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

southern economy based on

A

agriculture; made it a challenge to restart economy after the war b/c so much land destroyed

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2
Q

why 15th Amendment took 100 years to be meaningful

A

restrictions like poll tax and literacy tests; intimidation from KKK; no mention of women (sex) in amendment

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3
Q

why southerners so against Reconstruction

A

gave Congress (northerners) too much power/control over the South

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4
Q

voting restrictions after 15th Amendment

A

poll tax and literacy tests to restrict voting

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5
Q

scalawags

A

people from South who supported Reconstruction (Republicans)

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6
Q

carpetbaggers

A

people from North who came to South to exploit or help

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7
Q

recovery in North easier because…

A

battles/destruction were mostly in the South

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8
Q

Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction

A

easiest plan–act like they never left

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9
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau success

A

providing education for all ages

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10
Q

southern transportation after the war

A

railroads destroyed

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11
Q

Republican view of Johnson’s Reconstruction plans

A

too lenient (easy) on the South

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12
Q

Fourteenth Amendment

A

people born or naturalized in U.S. are citizen with equal protection under the law

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13
Q

Fifteenth Amendment

A

voting rights for African American males

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14
Q

who helped Radical Republicans with their plans

A

moderate Republicans

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15
Q

why Republicans impeached Pres. Johnson

A

didn’t like his plans for Reconstruction–didn’t actually commit any crimes

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16
Q

significance of allowing African Americans to vote/run for office

A

they were elected and elected others who would work for their rights–big change from being enslaved

17
Q

Reconstruction most effective area

A

education

18
Q

where sharecropping done in GA and SC

A

look at map

19
Q

equality based on Constitution

A

all citizens are equal before the law arguing against Plessy v. Ferguson which said separate was fine as long as it was equal (it was never equal)

20
Q

Short Answer #1
Explain why President Lincoln’s assassination put the future of the nation in question.

A

-Lincoln assassinated just 5 days after Lee’s surrender
-Lincoln had a plan for Reconstruction, but it wasn’t put into action before his death
-no one knew what Johnson’s plan might be

21
Q

Short Answer #2
Describe the causes and effects of Radical Reconstruction.

A

-Radical Reconstruction was period where Republicans held majorities of both houses of Congress & could override vetoes by Pres. Johnson
-state govt. who had not ratified 14th Amendment (every state except TN) were thrown out
-South divided into districts w/military control
-states must write new constitutions
-14th Amendment prohibited former Conf. officials from voting, and other white Southerners didn’t vote in protest, SO African American votes strongly influenced results & Republicans gained even more power

22
Q

Short Answer #3
How did the sharecropping system work, and why did it create problems for both sharecroppers and small landownwers?

A

-sharecroppers could rent land to farm
-landowner supplied materials and tools for planting and harvesting & then took a share of renter’s crop as payment
-locked into a cycle of credit and debt
-crop values dropped after war, so sharecroppers didn’t make enough to pay off what they owed & debt grew
-small landowners faced similar problems

23
Q

Short Answer #4
After the end of Reconstruction, were African Americans in the South able to keep the gains they had made during the Civil War and Reconstruction? Provide evidence to support your answer.

A

-NO
-slavery abolished–they kept that
-right to vote granted w/15th Amendment—but restricted later with poll taxes and literacy tests
-free to vote—but intimidated/harmed by KKK for exercising the right to vote
-free to choose job—but often caught in cycle of credit and debt due to sharecropping (one of the few jobs they could get)
-free but Plessy v. Ferguson made segregation (separation of the races) legal in schools, theaters, hospitals, churches, restrooms, playgrounds, etc.