Chapter 9 Flashcards
Communicatio, Diversity & Cultural Awareness
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (starting at the bottom):
- Physiologic - oxygen, food, water, rest, elimination, sex
- Security & Safety - shelter, freedom from harm/danger
- Love - affection, belonging, meaningful relations
- Self-esteem - respect
- Self-actualization - reaching max. potential
basic needs must be met before the higher levels can be achieved
Patient’s physical needs:
-warmth/blankets
-food
-rest
-oxygen
-access to bathrooms
Patient’s safety/security needs:
-give patient’s confidence, ease fear regarding procedures/equipment
-move patients with skill
-make sure equipment is safe electrically
-wash your hands
Patient’s love & belonging:
-let family/friends in the room if allowed
-be supportive, use good communication skills
Patient’s self-esteem:
-lost with financial struggles, attractiveness, no visitors, etc.
Patient self-actualization:
-provide education/resources to help patient learn
Grief process steps:
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
What is communication?
The exchange of thoughts, ideas and information
How do you communicate?
-actions you take
-listening
-observing
-speaking and writing
5 communication elements
- Sender - person who creates and relays the message
- Message - in the form of words (verbal), actions (nonverbal) or both
- Receiver - person who accepts the message from the sender
- Feedback - response from the receiver
- Context - setting in which the communication occurs, including the mood and the relationship between the sender and the receiver
What is bias?
Our tendency to believe that certain people, ideas and beliefs are better than others
What is kinesics/body language?
Body movement in communication, such as gestures, facial expressions and gaze patterns
What is proxemics?
Physical distance between people when they communicate, including personal space and posture
What is touch?
Nonverbal communication through physical contact
Nonverbal communication examples:
-actions
-tone
-eye contact
-voice volume
-facial expressions
-clothing
-hygiene
-posture/body language
What is task-oriented touch?
Touch required to perform exam
What is affective touch?
Compassion and sentiment (ex: holding patient’s hand, touching their shoulder)
Therapeutic verbal communication:
-closed-ended questions (direct questions)
-open-ended questions
-paraphrasing
-clarifying
-silence
Non-therapeutic verbal communication:
-making false promises
-using cliches
-disagreeing
-demanding an explanation
-changing the subject
-patronizing
-giving advice
Patient’s emotional conditions:
-irritated
-anxious
-confused
-in pain
-sad/weeping
-combative
Patient’s physical conditions:
-blind/visually impaired
-child
-deaf/hearing impaired
-elderly
-intoxicated
-comatose
-intellectually disabled
-speech impairment
What is cultural competence?
An understanding of one’s own culture and the ability to accept and interact effectively with people of different cultures
What is cultural awareness?
Understanding of one’s own culture and acknowledgment of the cultural differences of others
What is cultural knowledge?
Understanding and becoming sympathetic to the attitudes and beliefs of other cultures
What is cultural skill?
Ability to assess the patient’s needs based on cultural differences
What is cultural encounter?
Face-to-face evidence of cultural competence through interactions
What is cultural desire?
Demonstrates a genuine aspiration by an individual to increase cultural knowledge on a routine basis
What is stereotyping?
Unfair beliefs about a certain group of people
What is prejudice?
Opinion or judgement that is unfounded
The Sonographic Exam 10 steps
- assessment of relevant documents
- examining reports and images
- preparing the exam room and protocol review
- introduce yourself and patient confirmation
- gather clinical history
- patient education
- conducting the sonogram
- completing the sonographer’s report
- sonographer interaction with interpreting physician
- discharging the patient
