Chapter 9 Flashcards
Friedrich Miester
found nucleic acid from pus
Griffith’s experiment
Diplococcus pneumoniae infect bacteria, coat type was cause which is a protein. Absence of it created diseas
Avery experiment
“transforming principle”. Using protease created disease. Only DNA was left so it is the genetic material
Hershey and Chase
saw viruses inject radioactive DNA into cells
Levine
Discovered three parts of the nucleotide, sugar, phosphate and the base
Sugar in DNA is called
deoxyribose
phosphate group
phosphate group
base
A-T
G-C
Erwin Chargraff observed
complementary base pairs
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
indicated DNA is a helix from crystallography
Watson and Crick
made the model, helixes are antiparallel
5-3
5-3 in opposite directions
A gene
segment of DNA, directs RNA to code for protein
Histones
wind up DNA to make chromosomes. Unwinds when stuff happens
Semiconservative organization
old strand with new strand
helicase
unwinds parental DNA strands
binding proteins
stabilize separate DNA strands
Primase
adds a “primer to the DNA strand”
DNA polymerase
binds nucleotides to form new strand
DNA ligase
seals up Okazaki fragments and other “nicks”
purines have
two rings
pyrimidines have
one ring
crystallography is like a chandelier because
it bounces light off the molecule. We can guess what the structure is based off of it
restriction enzymes
“molecular scissors”
