Chapter 9

Question 1

Traditional Methods of Police work: Random routine patrol

Answer 1

-Officers driving around a designated geographic area
-Rapid response to citizens calls to 911
-Retroactive investigation of past crimes by detectives

Question 2

Purpose of patrol

Answer 2

-Deterrence of crime
-Maintenance of feeling of public security
- Availability for service to public 24 hours a day

Question 3

Legacy of O.W. Wilson

Answer 3

-Patrol: designed to create an impression of omnipresence

-Concept of random routine patrol

-One-officer patrols can observe
more than two-officer patrols

-Police administration: first textbook for police executives

Question 4

Effectiveness of Police work: Controlled experiment

Answer 4

-Experimental group: receives changed conditions
-Control group: not acted upon

Question 5

What was the Kansas City study

Answer 5

First attempt to test effectiveness of random routine patrol

found: fifteen beats used - five control, five reactive, five proactive.

Collected data on reported crime, arrests, traffic accidents, response times, citizen attitudes, and citizen and business victimization

Question 6

Rapid response to citizens 911 calls

Answer 6

Traditional way to catch criminals

Question 7

Early studies of rapid response

Answer 7

1967, Task Force Report: Improvements of 15 to 30 seconds valuable

Question 8

Later studies of rapid response

Answer 8

Basic components
- Time between when crime occurs and moment victim or witness calls police
- Time required for police to process call
- Travel time from time police car receives call from dispatcher until it arrives at scene

Question 9

in 1960, why was car patrol the main method?

Answer 9

-Revolutionized policing
-More efficient patrol coverage
-Disadvantage: isolated police officers from the community

Question 10

Who employs two-officer cars

Answer 10

larger urban departments

Pro: Less likely to be assaulted in pairs

Cons: Officers can become distracted or not quite observant
- Officers can be overly confident and have false sense of security

Question 11

Who employs one-officer cars?

Answer 11

suburban, rural departments

Question 12

When was the return to foot patrol?

Answer 12

Mid-1980s
When foot patrol is added in neighborhoods:
Levels of fear decrease significantly
Citizen satisfaction with police increases

Question 13

Police who patrol on foot:

Answer 13

-Have greater appreciation for values of neighborhood residents than police who patrol same area in automobiles
-Have greater job satisfaction, less fear, and higher morale than officers who patrol in automobiles

Question 14

What is evidence-based policing?

Answer 14

-Uses available scientific research on policing
-For overall crime-fighting strategies and department policies
-Necessary to let go of traditional wisdom
-Projects are monitored and evaluated to determine if they work
-Information is shared with other agencies to continually add to body of knowledge

Question 15

Modern response to citizens 911 calls: Directed patrol

Answer 15

Patrols specific locations at specific times for specific crimes

Question 16

Modern response to citizens 911 calls: Split-force patrol

Answer 16

Half the force responds to calls for service and the other half performs directed patrol

Question 17

Modern response to citizens 911 calls: Differential response

Answer 17

Response to calls for service varies according to type and severity of call

Question 18

Allocation of resources: Describe Personnel and Vehicles

Answer 18

Personnel

-Most expensive part of department budget
-Departments have reexamined roles/tasks
-Scheduling officers is a big issue
-Staggered shift changes and briefings

Vehicles

Fleet vehicles: used by different officers around the clock

Question 19

Alternative Strategies: Uniformed tactical operations

Answer 19

Involve use of traditional patrol operations in more aggressive manner

Question 20

Alternative Strategies: Decoy vehicles

Answer 20

Using unoccupied marked police vehicles to give perception of omnipresence

Question 21

Alternative vehicle deployment

Answer 21

Includes bikes, motorcycles, and scooters

Question 22

Police Traffic Operations: Concerns for law enforcement:

Answer 22

-Speed enforcement
-Dangerous work zones
-Fatigued or distracted drivers
-New types of vehicles
-Drugged drivers

Question 23

Police pursuits are considered…

Answer 23

most deadly force available to police

Question 24

Percentage of patrol officers

Answer 24

Generally, 60 to
70 percent of law enforcement officers spend their
time patrolling,

Question 25

Define Omnipresence

Answer 25

can be defined as “the quality of
always being there.” Thus, if the police are always
there or seem to be always there, criminals cannot operate. Wilson’s patrol ideas were designed
to make the police appear to be as omnipresent as
possible